diff --git a/ap/os/linux/linux-3.4.x/mm/shmem.c b/ap/os/linux/linux-3.4.x/mm/shmem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb1864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ap/os/linux/linux-3.4.x/mm/shmem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2823 @@
+/*
+ * Resizable virtual memory filesystem for Linux.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2000 Linus Torvalds.
+ *		 2000 Transmeta Corp.
+ *		 2000-2001 Christoph Rohland
+ *		 2000-2001 SAP AG
+ *		 2002 Red Hat Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2011 Hugh Dickins.
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Google Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2005 VERITAS Software Corporation.
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
+ *
+ * Extended attribute support for tmpfs:
+ * Copyright (c) 2004, Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@lkcl.net>
+ * Copyright (c) 2004 Red Hat, Inc., James Morris <jmorris@redhat.com>
+ *
+ * tiny-shmem:
+ * Copyright (c) 2004, 2008 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/vfs.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+
+static struct vfsmount *shm_mnt;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
+/*
+ * This virtual memory filesystem is heavily based on the ramfs. It
+ * extends ramfs by the ability to use swap and honor resource limits
+ * which makes it a completely usable filesystem.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/exportfs.h>
+#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
+#include <linux/generic_acl.h>
+#include <linux/mman.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/pagevec.h>
+#include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
+#include <linux/splice.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/swapops.h>
+#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/migrate.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+
+#define BLOCKS_PER_PAGE  (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE/512)
+#define VM_ACCT(size)    (PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(size) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
+
+/* Pretend that each entry is of this size in directory's i_size */
+#define BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE 20
+
+/* Symlink up to this size is kmalloc'ed instead of using a swappable page */
+#define SHORT_SYMLINK_LEN 128
+
+/*
+ * vmtruncate_range() communicates with shmem_fault via
+ * inode->i_private (with i_mutex making sure that it has only one user at
+ * a time): we would prefer not to enlarge the shmem inode just for that.
+ */
+struct shmem_falloc {
+	wait_queue_head_t *waitq; /* faults into hole wait for punch to end */
+	pgoff_t start;		/* start of range currently being fallocated */
+	pgoff_t next;		/* the next page offset to be fallocated */
+};
+
+struct shmem_xattr {
+	struct list_head list;	/* anchored by shmem_inode_info->xattr_list */
+	char *name;		/* xattr name */
+	size_t size;
+	char value[0];
+};
+
+/* Flag allocation requirements to shmem_getpage */
+enum sgp_type {
+	SGP_READ,	/* don't exceed i_size, don't allocate page */
+	SGP_CACHE,	/* don't exceed i_size, may allocate page */
+	SGP_DIRTY,	/* like SGP_CACHE, but set new page dirty */
+	SGP_WRITE,	/* may exceed i_size, may allocate page */
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+static unsigned long shmem_default_max_blocks(void)
+{
+	return totalram_pages / 2;
+}
+
+static unsigned long shmem_default_max_inodes(void)
+{
+	return min(totalram_pages - totalhigh_pages, totalram_pages / 2);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
+	struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp, gfp_t gfp, int *fault_type);
+
+static inline int shmem_getpage(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
+	struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp, int *fault_type)
+{
+	return shmem_getpage_gfp(inode, index, pagep, sgp,
+			mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping), fault_type);
+}
+
+static inline struct shmem_sb_info *SHMEM_SB(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return sb->s_fs_info;
+}
+
+/*
+ * shmem_file_setup pre-accounts the whole fixed size of a VM object,
+ * for shared memory and for shared anonymous (/dev/zero) mappings
+ * (unless MAP_NORESERVE and sysctl_overcommit_memory <= 1),
+ * consistent with the pre-accounting of private mappings ...
+ */
+static inline int shmem_acct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size)
+{
+	return (flags & VM_NORESERVE) ?
+		0 : security_vm_enough_memory_mm(current->mm, VM_ACCT(size));
+}
+
+static inline void shmem_unacct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size)
+{
+	if (!(flags & VM_NORESERVE))
+		vm_unacct_memory(VM_ACCT(size));
+}
+
+/*
+ * ... whereas tmpfs objects are accounted incrementally as
+ * pages are allocated, in order to allow huge sparse files.
+ * shmem_getpage reports shmem_acct_block failure as -ENOSPC not -ENOMEM,
+ * so that a failure on a sparse tmpfs mapping will give SIGBUS not OOM.
+ */
+static inline int shmem_acct_block(unsigned long flags)
+{
+	return (flags & VM_NORESERVE) ?
+		security_vm_enough_memory_mm(current->mm, VM_ACCT(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)) : 0;
+}
+
+static inline void shmem_unacct_blocks(unsigned long flags, long pages)
+{
+	if (flags & VM_NORESERVE)
+		vm_unacct_memory(pages * VM_ACCT(PAGE_CACHE_SIZE));
+}
+
+static const struct super_operations shmem_ops;
+static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops;
+static const struct file_operations shmem_file_operations;
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_inode_operations;
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_dir_inode_operations;
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_special_inode_operations;
+static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_vm_ops;
+
+static struct backing_dev_info shmem_backing_dev_info  __read_mostly = {
+	.ra_pages	= 0,	/* No readahead */
+	.capabilities	= BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED,
+};
+
+static LIST_HEAD(shmem_swaplist);
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+
+static int shmem_reserve_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
+	if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
+		spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+		if (!sbinfo->free_inodes) {
+			spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+			return -ENOSPC;
+		}
+		sbinfo->free_inodes--;
+		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void shmem_free_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
+	if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
+		spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+		sbinfo->free_inodes++;
+		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * shmem_recalc_inode - recalculate the block usage of an inode
+ * @inode: inode to recalc
+ *
+ * We have to calculate the free blocks since the mm can drop
+ * undirtied hole pages behind our back.
+ *
+ * But normally   info->alloced == inode->i_mapping->nrpages + info->swapped
+ * So mm freed is info->alloced - (inode->i_mapping->nrpages + info->swapped)
+ *
+ * It has to be called with the spinlock held.
+ */
+static void shmem_recalc_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	long freed;
+
+	freed = info->alloced - info->swapped - inode->i_mapping->nrpages;
+	if (freed > 0) {
+		struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
+		if (sbinfo->max_blocks)
+			percpu_counter_add(&sbinfo->used_blocks, -freed);
+		info->alloced -= freed;
+		inode->i_blocks -= freed * BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
+		shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, freed);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Replace item expected in radix tree by a new item, while holding tree lock.
+ */
+static int shmem_radix_tree_replace(struct address_space *mapping,
+			pgoff_t index, void *expected, void *replacement)
+{
+	void **pslot;
+	void *item = NULL;
+
+	VM_BUG_ON(!expected);
+	pslot = radix_tree_lookup_slot(&mapping->page_tree, index);
+	if (pslot)
+		item = radix_tree_deref_slot_protected(pslot,
+							&mapping->tree_lock);
+	if (item != expected)
+		return -ENOENT;
+	if (replacement)
+		radix_tree_replace_slot(pslot, replacement);
+	else
+		radix_tree_delete(&mapping->page_tree, index);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like add_to_page_cache_locked, but error if expected item has gone.
+ */
+static int shmem_add_to_page_cache(struct page *page,
+				   struct address_space *mapping,
+				   pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp, void *expected)
+{
+	int error = 0;
+	
+	VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
+	VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapBacked(page));
+
+	if (!expected)
+		error = radix_tree_preload(gfp & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
+	if (!error) {
+		page_cache_get(page);
+		page->mapping = mapping;
+		page->index = index;
+
+		spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+		if (!expected)
+			error = radix_tree_insert(&mapping->page_tree,
+							index, page);
+		else
+			error = shmem_radix_tree_replace(mapping, index,
+							expected, page);
+		if (!error) {
+			mapping->nrpages++;
+			__inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIMIT_PAGE_CACHE
+			__inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_TMPFS_PAGES);
+#endif
+			__inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM);
+			spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+		} else {
+			page->mapping = NULL;
+			spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+			page_cache_release(page);
+		}
+		if (!expected)
+			radix_tree_preload_end();
+	}
+	if (error)
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(page);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like delete_from_page_cache, but substitutes swap for page.
+ */
+static void shmem_delete_from_page_cache(struct page *page, void *radswap)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;
+	int error;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	error = shmem_radix_tree_replace(mapping, page->index, page, radswap);
+	page->mapping = NULL;
+	mapping->nrpages--;
+	__dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIMIT_PAGE_CACHE
+	__dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_TMPFS_PAGES);
+#endif
+	__dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM);
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+	page_cache_release(page);
+	BUG_ON(error);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like find_get_pages, but collecting swap entries as well as pages.
+ */
+static unsigned shmem_find_get_pages_and_swap(struct address_space *mapping,
+					pgoff_t start, unsigned int nr_pages,
+					struct page **pages, pgoff_t *indices)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int ret;
+	unsigned int nr_found;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+restart:
+	nr_found = radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot(&mapping->page_tree,
+				(void ***)pages, indices, start, nr_pages);
+	ret = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_found; i++) {
+		struct page *page;
+repeat:
+		page = radix_tree_deref_slot((void **)pages[i]);
+		if (unlikely(!page))
+			continue;
+		if (radix_tree_exception(page)) {
+			if (radix_tree_deref_retry(page))
+				goto restart;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, we must be storing a swap entry
+			 * here as an exceptional entry: so return it
+			 * without attempting to raise page count.
+			 */
+			goto export;
+		}
+		if (!page_cache_get_speculative(page))
+			goto repeat;
+
+		/* Has the page moved? */
+		if (unlikely(page != *((void **)pages[i]))) {
+			page_cache_release(page);
+			goto repeat;
+		}
+export:
+		indices[ret] = indices[i];
+		pages[ret] = page;
+		ret++;
+	}
+	if (unlikely(!ret && nr_found))
+		goto restart;
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove swap entry from radix tree, free the swap and its page cache.
+ */
+static int shmem_free_swap(struct address_space *mapping,
+			   pgoff_t index, void *radswap)
+{
+	int error;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+	error = shmem_radix_tree_replace(mapping, index, radswap, NULL);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);
+	if (!error)
+		free_swap_and_cache(radix_to_swp_entry(radswap));
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pagevec may contain swap entries, so shuffle up pages before releasing.
+ */
+static void shmem_deswap_pagevec(struct pagevec *pvec)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
+		struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
+		if (!radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page))
+			pvec->pages[j++] = page;
+	}
+	pvec->nr = j;
+}
+
+/*
+ * SysV IPC SHM_UNLOCK restore Unevictable pages to their evictable lists.
+ */
+void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+	struct pagevec pvec;
+	pgoff_t indices[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
+	pgoff_t index = 0;
+
+	pagevec_init(&pvec, 0);
+	/*
+	 * Minor point, but we might as well stop if someone else SHM_LOCKs it.
+	 */
+	while (!mapping_unevictable(mapping)) {
+		/*
+		 * Avoid pagevec_lookup(): find_get_pages() returns 0 as if it
+		 * has finished, if it hits a row of PAGEVEC_SIZE swap entries.
+		 */
+		pvec.nr = shmem_find_get_pages_and_swap(mapping, index,
+					PAGEVEC_SIZE, pvec.pages, indices);
+		if (!pvec.nr)
+			break;
+		index = indices[pvec.nr - 1] + 1;
+		shmem_deswap_pagevec(&pvec);
+		check_move_unevictable_pages(pvec.pages, pvec.nr);
+		pagevec_release(&pvec);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove range of pages and swap entries from radix tree, and free them.
+ */
+void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, loff_t lend)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	pgoff_t start = (lstart + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	unsigned partial = lstart & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
+	pgoff_t end = (lend >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT);
+	struct pagevec pvec;
+	pgoff_t indices[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
+	long nr_swaps_freed = 0;
+	pgoff_t index;
+	int i;
+
+	BUG_ON((lend & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1)) != (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1));
+
+	pagevec_init(&pvec, 0);
+	index = start;
+	while (index <= end) {
+		pvec.nr = shmem_find_get_pages_and_swap(mapping, index,
+			min(end - index, (pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE - 1) + 1,
+							pvec.pages, indices);
+		if (!pvec.nr)
+			break;
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_start();
+		for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(&pvec); i++) {
+			struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
+
+			index = indices[i];
+			if (index > end)
+				break;
+
+			if (radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page)) {
+				nr_swaps_freed += !shmem_free_swap(mapping,
+								index, page);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (!trylock_page(page))
+				continue;
+			if (page->mapping == mapping) {
+				VM_BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
+				truncate_inode_page(mapping, page);
+			}
+			unlock_page(page);
+		}
+		shmem_deswap_pagevec(&pvec);
+		pagevec_release(&pvec);
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_end();
+		cond_resched();
+		index++;
+	}
+
+	if (partial) {
+		struct page *page = NULL;
+		shmem_getpage(inode, start - 1, &page, SGP_READ, NULL);
+		if (page) {
+			zero_user_segment(page, partial, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+			set_page_dirty(page);
+			unlock_page(page);
+			page_cache_release(page);
+		}
+	}
+
+	index = start;
+	while (index <= end) {
+		cond_resched();
+		pvec.nr = shmem_find_get_pages_and_swap(mapping, index,
+			min(end - index, (pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE - 1) + 1,
+							pvec.pages, indices);
+		if (!pvec.nr) {
+			/* If all gone or hole-punch, we're done */
+			if (index == start || end != -1)
+				break;
+			/* But if truncating, restart to make sure all gone */
+			index = start;
+			continue;
+		}
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_start();
+		for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(&pvec); i++) {
+			struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];
+
+			index = indices[i];
+			if (index > end)
+				break;
+
+			if (radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page)) {
+				if (shmem_free_swap(mapping, index, page)) {
+					/* Swap was replaced by page: retry */
+					index--;
+					break;
+				}
+				nr_swaps_freed++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			lock_page(page);
+			if (page->mapping == mapping) {
+				VM_BUG_ON(PageWriteback(page));
+				truncate_inode_page(mapping, page);
+			} else {
+				/* Page was replaced by swap: retry */
+				unlock_page(page);
+				index--;
+				break;
+			}
+			unlock_page(page);
+		}
+		shmem_deswap_pagevec(&pvec);
+		pagevec_release(&pvec);
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_end();
+		index++;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&info->lock);
+	info->swapped -= nr_swaps_freed;
+	shmem_recalc_inode(inode);
+	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+
+	inode->i_ctime = inode->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_truncate_range);
+
+static int shmem_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+	int error;
+
+	error = inode_change_ok(inode, attr);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE)) {
+		loff_t oldsize = inode->i_size;
+		loff_t newsize = attr->ia_size;
+
+		if (newsize != oldsize) {
+			i_size_write(inode, newsize);
+			inode->i_ctime = inode->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
+		}
+		if (newsize < oldsize) {
+			loff_t holebegin = round_up(newsize, PAGE_SIZE);
+			unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping, holebegin, 0, 1);
+			shmem_truncate_range(inode, newsize, (loff_t)-1);
+			/* unmap again to remove racily COWed private pages */
+			unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping, holebegin, 0, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	setattr_copy(inode, attr);
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
+	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
+		error = generic_acl_chmod(inode);
+#endif
+	return error;
+}
+
+static void shmem_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	struct shmem_xattr *xattr, *nxattr;
+
+	if (inode->i_mapping->a_ops == &shmem_aops) {
+		shmem_unacct_size(info->flags, inode->i_size);
+		inode->i_size = 0;
+		shmem_truncate_range(inode, 0, (loff_t)-1);
+		if (!list_empty(&info->swaplist)) {
+			mutex_lock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+			list_del_init(&info->swaplist);
+			mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+		}
+	} else
+		kfree(info->symlink);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(xattr, nxattr, &info->xattr_list, list) {
+		kfree(xattr->name);
+		kfree(xattr);
+	}
+	WARN_ON(inode->i_blocks);
+	shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb);
+	end_writeback(inode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If swap found in inode, free it and move page from swapcache to filecache.
+ */
+static int shmem_unuse_inode(struct shmem_inode_info *info,
+			     swp_entry_t swap, struct page *page)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = info->vfs_inode.i_mapping;
+	void *radswap;
+	pgoff_t index;
+	int error;
+
+	radswap = swp_to_radix_entry(swap);
+	index = radix_tree_locate_item(&mapping->page_tree, radswap);
+	if (index == -1)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Move _head_ to start search for next from here.
+	 * But be careful: shmem_evict_inode checks list_empty without taking
+	 * mutex, and there's an instant in list_move_tail when info->swaplist
+	 * would appear empty, if it were the only one on shmem_swaplist.
+	 */
+	if (shmem_swaplist.next != &info->swaplist)
+		list_move_tail(&shmem_swaplist, &info->swaplist);
+
+	/*
+	 * We rely on shmem_swaplist_mutex, not only to protect the swaplist,
+	 * but also to hold up shmem_evict_inode(): so inode cannot be freed
+	 * beneath us (pagelock doesn't help until the page is in pagecache).
+	 */
+	error = shmem_add_to_page_cache(page, mapping, index,
+						GFP_NOWAIT, radswap);
+	/* which does mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page on error */
+
+	if (error != -ENOMEM) {
+		/*
+		 * Truncation and eviction use free_swap_and_cache(), which
+		 * only does trylock page: if we raced, best clean up here.
+		 */
+		delete_from_swap_cache(page);
+		set_page_dirty(page);
+		if (!error) {
+			spin_lock(&info->lock);
+			info->swapped--;
+			spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+			swap_free(swap);
+		}
+		error = 1;	/* not an error, but entry was found */
+	}
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search through swapped inodes to find and replace swap by page.
+ */
+int shmem_unuse(swp_entry_t swap, struct page *page)
+{
+	struct list_head *this, *next;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	int found = 0;
+	int error;
+
+	/*
+	 * Charge page using GFP_KERNEL while we can wait, before taking
+	 * the shmem_swaplist_mutex which might hold up shmem_writepage().
+	 * Charged back to the user (not to caller) when swap account is used.
+	 */
+	error = mem_cgroup_cache_charge(page, current->mm, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (error)
+		goto out;
+	/* No radix_tree_preload: swap entry keeps a place for page in tree */
+
+	mutex_lock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+	list_for_each_safe(this, next, &shmem_swaplist) {
+		info = list_entry(this, struct shmem_inode_info, swaplist);
+		if (info->swapped)
+			found = shmem_unuse_inode(info, swap, page);
+		else
+			list_del_init(&info->swaplist);
+		cond_resched();
+		if (found)
+			break;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+
+	if (!found)
+		mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(page);
+	if (found < 0)
+		error = found;
+out:
+	unlock_page(page);
+	page_cache_release(page);
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Move the page from the page cache to the swap cache.
+ */
+static int shmem_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	struct address_space *mapping;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	swp_entry_t swap;
+	pgoff_t index;
+
+	BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
+	mapping = page->mapping;
+	index = page->index;
+	inode = mapping->host;
+	info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	if (info->flags & VM_LOCKED)
+		goto redirty;
+	if (!total_swap_pages)
+		goto redirty;
+
+	/*
+	 * shmem_backing_dev_info's capabilities prevent regular writeback or
+	 * sync from ever calling shmem_writepage; but a stacking filesystem
+	 * might use ->writepage of its underlying filesystem, in which case
+	 * tmpfs should write out to swap only in response to memory pressure,
+	 * and not for the writeback threads or sync.
+	 */
+	if (!wbc->for_reclaim) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);	/* Still happens? Tell us about it! */
+		goto redirty;
+	}
+	swap = get_swap_page();
+	if (!swap.val)
+		goto redirty;
+
+	/*
+	 * Add inode to shmem_unuse()'s list of swapped-out inodes,
+	 * if it's not already there.  Do it now before the page is
+	 * moved to swap cache, when its pagelock no longer protects
+	 * the inode from eviction.  But don't unlock the mutex until
+	 * we've incremented swapped, because shmem_unuse_inode() will
+	 * prune a !swapped inode from the swaplist under this mutex.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+	if (list_empty(&info->swaplist))
+		list_add_tail(&info->swaplist, &shmem_swaplist);
+
+	if (add_to_swap_cache(page, swap, GFP_ATOMIC) == 0) {
+		swap_shmem_alloc(swap);
+		shmem_delete_from_page_cache(page, swp_to_radix_entry(swap));
+
+		spin_lock(&info->lock);
+		info->swapped++;
+		shmem_recalc_inode(inode);
+		spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+
+		mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+		BUG_ON(page_mapped(page));
+		swap_writepage(page, wbc);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_mutex);
+	swapcache_free(swap, NULL);
+redirty:
+	set_page_dirty(page);
+	if (wbc->for_reclaim)
+		return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE;	/* Return with page locked */
+	unlock_page(page);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+static void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *mpol)
+{
+	char buffer[64];
+
+	if (!mpol || mpol->mode == MPOL_DEFAULT)
+		return;		/* show nothing */
+
+	mpol_to_str(buffer, sizeof(buffer), mpol, 1);
+
+	seq_printf(seq, ",mpol=%s", buffer);
+}
+
+static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_sbmpol(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo)
+{
+	struct mempolicy *mpol = NULL;
+	if (sbinfo->mpol) {
+		spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);	/* prevent replace/use races */
+		mpol = sbinfo->mpol;
+		mpol_get(mpol);
+		spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+	}
+	return mpol;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */
+
+static struct page *shmem_swapin(swp_entry_t swap, gfp_t gfp,
+			struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct pvma;
+	struct page *page;
+
+	/* Create a pseudo vma that just contains the policy */
+	pvma.vm_start = 0;
+	pvma.vm_pgoff = index;
+	pvma.vm_ops = NULL;
+	pvma.vm_policy = mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&info->policy, index);
+
+	page = swapin_readahead(swap, gfp, &pvma, 0);
+
+	/* Drop reference taken by mpol_shared_policy_lookup() */
+	mpol_cond_put(pvma.vm_policy);
+
+	return page;
+}
+
+static struct page *shmem_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp,
+			struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct pvma;
+	struct page *page;
+
+	/* Create a pseudo vma that just contains the policy */
+	pvma.vm_start = 0;
+	pvma.vm_pgoff = index;
+	pvma.vm_ops = NULL;
+	pvma.vm_policy = mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&info->policy, index);
+
+	page = alloc_page_vma(gfp, &pvma, 0);
+
+	/* Drop reference taken by mpol_shared_policy_lookup() */
+	mpol_cond_put(pvma.vm_policy);
+
+	return page;
+}
+#else /* !CONFIG_NUMA */
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+static inline void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *mpol)
+{
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */
+
+static inline struct page *shmem_swapin(swp_entry_t swap, gfp_t gfp,
+			struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	return swapin_readahead(swap, gfp, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+static inline struct page *shmem_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp,
+			struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	return alloc_page(gfp);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_NUMA) || !defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)
+static inline struct mempolicy *shmem_get_sbmpol(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * shmem_getpage_gfp - find page in cache, or get from swap, or allocate
+ *
+ * If we allocate a new one we do not mark it dirty. That's up to the
+ * vm. If we swap it in we mark it dirty since we also free the swap
+ * entry since a page cannot live in both the swap and page cache
+ */
+static int shmem_getpage_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
+	struct page **pagep, enum sgp_type sgp, gfp_t gfp, int *fault_type)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo;
+	struct page *page;
+	swp_entry_t swap;
+	int error;
+	int once = 0;
+
+	if (index > (MAX_LFS_FILESIZE >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT))
+		return -EFBIG;
+repeat:
+	swap.val = 0;
+	page = find_lock_page(mapping, index);
+	if (radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page)) {
+		swap = radix_to_swp_entry(page);
+		page = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (sgp != SGP_WRITE &&
+	    ((loff_t)index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode)) {
+		error = -EINVAL;
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (page || (sgp == SGP_READ && !swap.val)) {
+		/*
+		 * Once we can get the page lock, it must be uptodate:
+		 * if there were an error in reading back from swap,
+		 * the page would not be inserted into the filecache.
+		 */
+		BUG_ON(page && !PageUptodate(page));
+		*pagep = page;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Fast cache lookup did not find it:
+	 * bring it back from swap or allocate.
+	 */
+	info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
+
+	if (swap.val) {
+		/* Look it up and read it in.. */
+		page = lookup_swap_cache(swap);
+		if (!page) {
+			/* here we actually do the io */
+			if (fault_type)
+				*fault_type |= VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
+			page = shmem_swapin(swap, gfp, info, index);
+			if (!page) {
+				error = -ENOMEM;
+				goto failed;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* We have to do this with page locked to prevent races */
+		lock_page(page);
+		if (!PageUptodate(page)) {
+			error = -EIO;
+			goto failed;
+		}
+		wait_on_page_writeback(page);
+
+		/* Someone may have already done it for us */
+		if (page->mapping) {
+			if (page->mapping == mapping &&
+			    page->index == index)
+				goto done;
+			error = -EEXIST;
+			goto failed;
+		}
+
+		error = mem_cgroup_cache_charge(page, current->mm,
+						gfp & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
+		if (!error)
+			error = shmem_add_to_page_cache(page, mapping, index,
+						gfp, swp_to_radix_entry(swap));
+		if (error)
+			goto failed;
+
+		spin_lock(&info->lock);
+		info->swapped--;
+		shmem_recalc_inode(inode);
+		spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+
+		delete_from_swap_cache(page);
+		set_page_dirty(page);
+		swap_free(swap);
+
+	} else {
+		if (shmem_acct_block(info->flags)) {
+			error = -ENOSPC;
+			goto failed;
+		}
+		if (sbinfo->max_blocks) {
+			if (percpu_counter_compare(&sbinfo->used_blocks,
+						sbinfo->max_blocks) >= 0) {
+				error = -ENOSPC;
+				goto unacct;
+			}
+			percpu_counter_inc(&sbinfo->used_blocks);
+		}
+
+		page = shmem_alloc_page(gfp, info, index);
+		if (!page) {
+			error = -ENOMEM;
+			goto decused;
+		}
+
+		SetPageSwapBacked(page);
+		__set_page_locked(page);
+		error = mem_cgroup_cache_charge(page, current->mm,
+						gfp & GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
+		if (!error)
+			error = shmem_add_to_page_cache(page, mapping, index,
+						gfp, NULL);
+		if (error)
+			goto decused;
+		lru_cache_add_anon(page);
+
+		spin_lock(&info->lock);
+		info->alloced++;
+		inode->i_blocks += BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
+		shmem_recalc_inode(inode);
+		spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+
+		clear_highpage(page);
+		flush_dcache_page(page);
+		SetPageUptodate(page);
+		if (sgp == SGP_DIRTY)
+			set_page_dirty(page);
+	}
+done:
+	/* Perhaps the file has been truncated since we checked */
+	if (sgp != SGP_WRITE &&
+	    ((loff_t)index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode)) {
+		error = -EINVAL;
+		goto trunc;
+	}
+	*pagep = page;
+	return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Error recovery.
+	 */
+trunc:
+	ClearPageDirty(page);
+	delete_from_page_cache(page);
+	spin_lock(&info->lock);
+	info->alloced--;
+	inode->i_blocks -= BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
+	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+decused:
+	if (sbinfo->max_blocks)
+		percpu_counter_add(&sbinfo->used_blocks, -1);
+unacct:
+	shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, 1);
+failed:
+	if (swap.val && error != -EINVAL) {
+		struct page *test = find_get_page(mapping, index);
+		if (test && !radix_tree_exceptional_entry(test))
+			page_cache_release(test);
+		/* Have another try if the entry has changed */
+		if (test != swp_to_radix_entry(swap))
+			error = -EEXIST;
+	}
+	if (page) {
+		unlock_page(page);
+		page_cache_release(page);
+	}
+	if (error == -ENOSPC && !once++) {
+		info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+		spin_lock(&info->lock);
+		shmem_recalc_inode(inode);
+		spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	if (error == -EEXIST)
+		goto repeat;
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int shmem_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	int error;
+	int ret = VM_FAULT_LOCKED;
+
+	/*
+	 * Trinity finds that probing a hole which tmpfs is punching can
+	 * prevent the hole-punch from ever completing: which in turn
+	 * locks writers out with its hold on i_mutex.  So refrain from
+	 * faulting pages into the hole while it's being punched.  Although
+	 * shmem_truncate_range() does remove the additions, it may be unable to
+	 * keep up, as each new page needs its own unmap_mapping_range() call,
+	 * and the i_mmap tree grows ever slower to scan if new vmas are added.
+	 *
+	 * It does not matter if we sometimes reach this check just before the
+	 * hole-punch begins, so that one fault then races with the punch:
+	 * we just need to make racing faults a rare case.
+	 *
+	 * The implementation below would be much simpler if we just used a
+	 * standard mutex or completion: but we cannot take i_mutex in fault,
+	 * and bloating every shmem inode for this unlikely case would be sad.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(inode->i_private)) {
+		struct shmem_falloc *shmem_falloc;
+
+		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+		shmem_falloc = inode->i_private;
+		if (shmem_falloc &&
+		    vmf->pgoff >= shmem_falloc->start &&
+		    vmf->pgoff < shmem_falloc->next) {
+			wait_queue_head_t *shmem_falloc_waitq;
+			DEFINE_WAIT(shmem_fault_wait);
+
+			ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
+			if ((vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY) &&
+			   !(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT)) {
+				/* It's polite to up mmap_sem if we can */
+				up_read(&vma->vm_mm->mmap_sem);
+				ret = VM_FAULT_RETRY;
+			}
+
+			shmem_falloc_waitq = shmem_falloc->waitq;
+			prepare_to_wait(shmem_falloc_waitq, &shmem_fault_wait,
+					TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+			spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+			schedule();
+
+			/*
+			 * shmem_falloc_waitq points into the vmtruncate_range()
+			 * stack of the hole-punching task: shmem_falloc_waitq
+			 * is usually invalid by the time we reach here, but
+			 * finish_wait() does not dereference it in that case;
+			 * though i_lock needed lest racing with wake_up_all().
+			 */
+			spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+			finish_wait(shmem_falloc_waitq, &shmem_fault_wait);
+			spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+	}
+
+	error = shmem_getpage(inode, vmf->pgoff, &vmf->page, SGP_CACHE, &ret);
+	if (error)
+		return ((error == -ENOMEM) ? VM_FAULT_OOM : VM_FAULT_SIGBUS);
+
+	if (ret & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) {
+		count_vm_event(PGMAJFAULT);
+		mem_cgroup_count_vm_event(vma->vm_mm, PGMAJFAULT);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int vmtruncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, loff_t lend)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If the underlying filesystem is not going to provide
+	 * a way to truncate a range of blocks (punch a hole) -
+	 * we should return failure right now.
+	 * Only CONFIG_SHMEM shmem.c ever supported i_op->truncate_range().
+	 */
+	if (inode->i_op->truncate_range != shmem_truncate_range)
+		return -ENOSYS;
+
+	mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	{
+		struct shmem_falloc shmem_falloc;
+		struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+		loff_t unmap_start = round_up(lstart, PAGE_SIZE);
+		loff_t unmap_end = round_down(1 + lend, PAGE_SIZE) - 1;
+		DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_ONSTACK(shmem_falloc_waitq);
+
+		shmem_falloc.waitq = &shmem_falloc_waitq;
+		shmem_falloc.start = unmap_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		shmem_falloc.next = (unmap_end + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+		inode->i_private = &shmem_falloc;
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+
+		if ((u64)unmap_end > (u64)unmap_start)
+			unmap_mapping_range(mapping, unmap_start,
+					    1 + unmap_end - unmap_start, 0);
+		shmem_truncate_range(inode, lstart, lend);
+		/* No need to unmap again: hole-punching leaves COWed pages */
+
+		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
+		inode->i_private = NULL;
+		wake_up_all(&shmem_falloc_waitq);
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+static int shmem_set_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *mpol)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	return mpol_set_shared_policy(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy, vma, mpol);
+}
+
+static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+					  unsigned long addr)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = vma->vm_file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	pgoff_t index;
+
+	index = ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff;
+	return mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy, index);
+}
+#endif
+
+int shmem_lock(struct file *file, int lock, struct user_struct *user)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	int retval = -ENOMEM;
+
+	spin_lock(&info->lock);
+	if (lock && !(info->flags & VM_LOCKED)) {
+		if (!user_shm_lock(inode->i_size, user))
+			goto out_nomem;
+		info->flags |= VM_LOCKED;
+		mapping_set_unevictable(file->f_mapping);
+	}
+	if (!lock && (info->flags & VM_LOCKED) && user) {
+		user_shm_unlock(inode->i_size, user);
+		info->flags &= ~VM_LOCKED;
+		mapping_clear_unevictable(file->f_mapping);
+	}
+	retval = 0;
+
+out_nomem:
+	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int shmem_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	file_accessed(file);
+	vma->vm_ops = &shmem_vm_ops;
+	vma->vm_flags |= VM_CAN_NONLINEAR;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct inode *shmem_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, const struct inode *dir,
+				     umode_t mode, dev_t dev, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
+
+	if (shmem_reserve_inode(sb))
+		return NULL;
+
+	inode = new_inode(sb);
+	if (inode) {
+		inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
+		inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
+		inode->i_blocks = 0;
+		inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info = &shmem_backing_dev_info;
+		inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
+		inode->i_generation = get_seconds();
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIMIT_PAGE_CACHE
+		mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping,
+							 mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping) | __GFP_PAGETMPFS);
+#endif
+		info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+		memset(info, 0, (char *)inode - (char *)info);
+		spin_lock_init(&info->lock);
+		info->flags = flags & VM_NORESERVE;
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&info->swaplist);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&info->xattr_list);
+		cache_no_acl(inode);
+
+		switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+		default:
+			inode->i_op = &shmem_special_inode_operations;
+			init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
+			break;
+		case S_IFREG:
+			inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &shmem_aops;
+			inode->i_op = &shmem_inode_operations;
+			inode->i_fop = &shmem_file_operations;
+			mpol_shared_policy_init(&info->policy,
+						 shmem_get_sbmpol(sbinfo));
+			break;
+		case S_IFDIR:
+			inc_nlink(inode);
+			/* Some things misbehave if size == 0 on a directory */
+			inode->i_size = 2 * BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+			inode->i_op = &shmem_dir_inode_operations;
+			inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
+			break;
+		case S_IFLNK:
+			/*
+			 * Must not load anything in the rbtree,
+			 * mpol_free_shared_policy will not be called.
+			 */
+			mpol_shared_policy_init(&info->policy, NULL);
+			break;
+		}
+	} else
+		shmem_free_inode(sb);
+	return inode;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inode_operations;
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_short_symlink_operations;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+static int shmem_initxattrs(struct inode *, const struct xattr *, void *);
+#else
+#define shmem_initxattrs NULL
+#endif
+
+static int
+shmem_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
+			struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	return shmem_getpage(inode, index, pagep, SGP_WRITE, NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+shmem_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
+			loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
+			struct page *page, void *fsdata)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+
+	if (pos + copied > inode->i_size)
+		i_size_write(inode, pos + copied);
+
+	set_page_dirty(page);
+	unlock_page(page);
+	page_cache_release(page);
+
+	return copied;
+}
+
+static void do_shmem_file_read(struct file *filp, loff_t *ppos, read_descriptor_t *desc, read_actor_t actor)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = filp->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	pgoff_t index;
+	unsigned long offset;
+	enum sgp_type sgp = SGP_READ;
+
+	/*
+	 * Might this read be for a stacking filesystem?  Then when reading
+	 * holes of a sparse file, we actually need to allocate those pages,
+	 * and even mark them dirty, so it cannot exceed the max_blocks limit.
+	 */
+	if (segment_eq(get_fs(), KERNEL_DS))
+		sgp = SGP_DIRTY;
+
+	index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	offset = *ppos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct page *page = NULL;
+		pgoff_t end_index;
+		unsigned long nr, ret;
+		loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
+
+		end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+		if (index > end_index)
+			break;
+		if (index == end_index) {
+			nr = i_size & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
+			if (nr <= offset)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		desc->error = shmem_getpage(inode, index, &page, sgp, NULL);
+		if (desc->error) {
+			if (desc->error == -EINVAL)
+				desc->error = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (page)
+			unlock_page(page);
+
+		/*
+		 * We must evaluate after, since reads (unlike writes)
+		 * are called without i_mutex protection against truncate
+		 */
+		nr = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+		i_size = i_size_read(inode);
+		end_index = i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+		if (index == end_index) {
+			nr = i_size & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
+			if (nr <= offset) {
+				if (page)
+					page_cache_release(page);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		nr -= offset;
+
+		if (page) {
+			/*
+			 * If users can be writing to this page using arbitrary
+			 * virtual addresses, take care about potential aliasing
+			 * before reading the page on the kernel side.
+			 */
+			if (mapping_writably_mapped(mapping))
+				flush_dcache_page(page);
+			/*
+			 * Mark the page accessed if we read the beginning.
+			 */
+			if (!offset)
+				mark_page_accessed(page);
+		} else {
+			page = ZERO_PAGE(0);
+			page_cache_get(page);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Ok, we have the page, and it's up-to-date, so
+		 * now we can copy it to user space...
+		 *
+		 * The actor routine returns how many bytes were actually used..
+		 * NOTE! This may not be the same as how much of a user buffer
+		 * we filled up (we may be padding etc), so we can only update
+		 * "pos" here (the actor routine has to update the user buffer
+		 * pointers and the remaining count).
+		 */
+		ret = actor(desc, page, offset, nr);
+		offset += ret;
+		index += offset >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+		offset &= ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
+
+		page_cache_release(page);
+		if (ret != nr || !desc->count)
+			break;
+
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+	*ppos = ((loff_t) index << PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) + offset;
+	file_accessed(filp);
+}
+
+static ssize_t shmem_file_aio_read(struct kiocb *iocb,
+		const struct iovec *iov, unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos)
+{
+	struct file *filp = iocb->ki_filp;
+	ssize_t retval;
+	unsigned long seg;
+	size_t count;
+	loff_t *ppos = &iocb->ki_pos;
+
+	retval = generic_segment_checks(iov, &nr_segs, &count, VERIFY_WRITE);
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
+
+	for (seg = 0; seg < nr_segs; seg++) {
+		read_descriptor_t desc;
+
+		desc.written = 0;
+		desc.arg.buf = iov[seg].iov_base;
+		desc.count = iov[seg].iov_len;
+		if (desc.count == 0)
+			continue;
+		desc.error = 0;
+		do_shmem_file_read(filp, ppos, &desc, file_read_actor);
+		retval += desc.written;
+		if (desc.error) {
+			retval = retval ?: desc.error;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (desc.count > 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static ssize_t shmem_file_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
+				struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+				unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = in->f_mapping;
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	unsigned int loff, nr_pages, req_pages;
+	struct page *pages[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS];
+	struct partial_page partial[PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS];
+	struct page *page;
+	pgoff_t index, end_index;
+	loff_t isize, left;
+	int error, page_nr;
+	struct splice_pipe_desc spd = {
+		.pages = pages,
+		.partial = partial,
+		.nr_pages_max = PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS,
+		.flags = flags,
+		.ops = &page_cache_pipe_buf_ops,
+		.spd_release = spd_release_page,
+	};
+
+	isize = i_size_read(inode);
+	if (unlikely(*ppos >= isize))
+		return 0;
+
+	left = isize - *ppos;
+	if (unlikely(left < len))
+		len = left;
+
+	if (splice_grow_spd(pipe, &spd))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	loff = *ppos & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
+	req_pages = (len + loff + PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	nr_pages = min(req_pages, pipe->buffers);
+
+	spd.nr_pages = find_get_pages_contig(mapping, index,
+						nr_pages, spd.pages);
+	index += spd.nr_pages;
+	error = 0;
+
+	while (spd.nr_pages < nr_pages) {
+		error = shmem_getpage(inode, index, &page, SGP_CACHE, NULL);
+		if (error)
+			break;
+		unlock_page(page);
+		spd.pages[spd.nr_pages++] = page;
+		index++;
+	}
+
+	index = *ppos >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	nr_pages = spd.nr_pages;
+	spd.nr_pages = 0;
+
+	for (page_nr = 0; page_nr < nr_pages; page_nr++) {
+		unsigned int this_len;
+
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+
+		this_len = min_t(unsigned long, len, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - loff);
+		page = spd.pages[page_nr];
+
+		if (!PageUptodate(page) || page->mapping != mapping) {
+			error = shmem_getpage(inode, index, &page,
+							SGP_CACHE, NULL);
+			if (error)
+				break;
+			unlock_page(page);
+			page_cache_release(spd.pages[page_nr]);
+			spd.pages[page_nr] = page;
+		}
+
+		isize = i_size_read(inode);
+		end_index = (isize - 1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+		if (unlikely(!isize || index > end_index))
+			break;
+
+		if (end_index == index) {
+			unsigned int plen;
+
+			plen = ((isize - 1) & ~PAGE_CACHE_MASK) + 1;
+			if (plen <= loff)
+				break;
+
+			this_len = min(this_len, plen - loff);
+			len = this_len;
+		}
+
+		spd.partial[page_nr].offset = loff;
+		spd.partial[page_nr].len = this_len;
+		len -= this_len;
+		loff = 0;
+		spd.nr_pages++;
+		index++;
+	}
+
+	while (page_nr < nr_pages)
+		page_cache_release(spd.pages[page_nr++]);
+
+	if (spd.nr_pages)
+		error = splice_to_pipe(pipe, &spd);
+
+	splice_shrink_spd(&spd);
+
+	if (error > 0) {
+		*ppos += error;
+		file_accessed(in);
+	}
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int shmem_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
+{
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(dentry->d_sb);
+
+	buf->f_type = TMPFS_MAGIC;
+	buf->f_bsize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+	buf->f_namelen = NAME_MAX;
+	if (sbinfo->max_blocks) {
+		buf->f_blocks = sbinfo->max_blocks;
+		buf->f_bavail =
+		buf->f_bfree  = sbinfo->max_blocks -
+				percpu_counter_sum(&sbinfo->used_blocks);
+	}
+	if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
+		buf->f_files = sbinfo->max_inodes;
+		buf->f_ffree = sbinfo->free_inodes;
+	}
+	/* else leave those fields 0 like simple_statfs */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * File creation. Allocate an inode, and we're done..
+ */
+static int
+shmem_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, dev_t dev)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	int error = -ENOSPC;
+
+	inode = shmem_get_inode(dir->i_sb, dir, mode, dev, VM_NORESERVE);
+	if (inode) {
+		error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir,
+						     &dentry->d_name,
+						     shmem_initxattrs, NULL);
+		if (error) {
+			if (error != -EOPNOTSUPP) {
+				iput(inode);
+				return error;
+			}
+		}
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
+		error = generic_acl_init(inode, dir);
+		if (error) {
+			iput(inode);
+			return error;
+		}
+#else
+		error = 0;
+#endif
+		dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+		dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
+		d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+		dget(dentry); /* Extra count - pin the dentry in core */
+	}
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int shmem_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
+{
+	int error;
+
+	if ((error = shmem_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFDIR, 0)))
+		return error;
+	inc_nlink(dir);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int shmem_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode,
+		struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	return shmem_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Link a file..
+ */
+static int shmem_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * No ordinary (disk based) filesystem counts links as inodes;
+	 * but each new link needs a new dentry, pinning lowmem, and
+	 * tmpfs dentries cannot be pruned until they are unlinked.
+	 */
+	ret = shmem_reserve_inode(inode->i_sb);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
+	inc_nlink(inode);
+	ihold(inode);	/* New dentry reference */
+	dget(dentry);		/* Extra pinning count for the created dentry */
+	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int shmem_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+	if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb);
+
+	dir->i_size -= BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
+	drop_nlink(inode);
+	dput(dentry);	/* Undo the count from "create" - this does all the work */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int shmem_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	if (!simple_empty(dentry))
+		return -ENOTEMPTY;
+
+	drop_nlink(dentry->d_inode);
+	drop_nlink(dir);
+	return shmem_unlink(dir, dentry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The VFS layer already does all the dentry stuff for rename,
+ * we just have to decrement the usage count for the target if
+ * it exists so that the VFS layer correctly free's it when it
+ * gets overwritten.
+ */
+static int shmem_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
+	int they_are_dirs = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
+
+	if (!simple_empty(new_dentry))
+		return -ENOTEMPTY;
+
+	if (new_dentry->d_inode) {
+		(void) shmem_unlink(new_dir, new_dentry);
+		if (they_are_dirs) {
+			drop_nlink(new_dentry->d_inode);
+			drop_nlink(old_dir);
+		}
+	} else if (they_are_dirs) {
+		drop_nlink(old_dir);
+		inc_nlink(new_dir);
+	}
+
+	old_dir->i_size -= BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+	new_dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+	old_dir->i_ctime = old_dir->i_mtime =
+	new_dir->i_ctime = new_dir->i_mtime =
+	inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int shmem_symlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname)
+{
+	int error;
+	int len;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct page *page;
+	char *kaddr;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+
+	len = strlen(symname) + 1;
+	if (len > PAGE_CACHE_SIZE)
+		return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+	inode = shmem_get_inode(dir->i_sb, dir, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, 0, VM_NORESERVE);
+	if (!inode)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir, &dentry->d_name,
+					     shmem_initxattrs, NULL);
+	if (error) {
+		if (error != -EOPNOTSUPP) {
+			iput(inode);
+			return error;
+		}
+		error = 0;
+	}
+
+	info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	inode->i_size = len-1;
+	if (len <= SHORT_SYMLINK_LEN) {
+		info->symlink = kmemdup(symname, len, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!info->symlink) {
+			iput(inode);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+		inode->i_op = &shmem_short_symlink_operations;
+	} else {
+		error = shmem_getpage(inode, 0, &page, SGP_WRITE, NULL);
+		if (error) {
+			iput(inode);
+			return error;
+		}
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &shmem_aops;
+		inode->i_op = &shmem_symlink_inode_operations;
+		kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
+		memcpy(kaddr, symname, len);
+		kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
+		set_page_dirty(page);
+		unlock_page(page);
+		page_cache_release(page);
+	}
+	dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
+	dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME;
+	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+	dget(dentry);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *shmem_follow_short_symlink(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	nd_set_link(nd, SHMEM_I(dentry->d_inode)->symlink);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *shmem_follow_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd)
+{
+	struct page *page = NULL;
+	int error = shmem_getpage(dentry->d_inode, 0, &page, SGP_READ, NULL);
+	nd_set_link(nd, error ? ERR_PTR(error) : kmap(page));
+	if (page)
+		unlock_page(page);
+	return page;
+}
+
+static void shmem_put_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct nameidata *nd, void *cookie)
+{
+	if (!IS_ERR(nd_get_link(nd))) {
+		struct page *page = cookie;
+		kunmap(page);
+		mark_page_accessed(page);
+		page_cache_release(page);
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+/*
+ * Superblocks without xattr inode operations may get some security.* xattr
+ * support from the LSM "for free". As soon as we have any other xattrs
+ * like ACLs, we also need to implement the security.* handlers at
+ * filesystem level, though.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Allocate new xattr and copy in the value; but leave the name to callers.
+ */
+static struct shmem_xattr *shmem_xattr_alloc(const void *value, size_t size)
+{
+	struct shmem_xattr *new_xattr;
+	size_t len;
+
+	/* wrap around? */
+	len = sizeof(*new_xattr) + size;
+	if (len <= sizeof(*new_xattr))
+		return NULL;
+
+	new_xattr = kmalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!new_xattr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	new_xattr->size = size;
+	memcpy(new_xattr->value, value, size);
+	return new_xattr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Callback for security_inode_init_security() for acquiring xattrs.
+ */
+static int shmem_initxattrs(struct inode *inode,
+			    const struct xattr *xattr_array,
+			    void *fs_info)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	const struct xattr *xattr;
+	struct shmem_xattr *new_xattr;
+	size_t len;
+
+	for (xattr = xattr_array; xattr->name != NULL; xattr++) {
+		new_xattr = shmem_xattr_alloc(xattr->value, xattr->value_len);
+		if (!new_xattr)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		len = strlen(xattr->name) + 1;
+		new_xattr->name = kmalloc(XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN + len,
+					  GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!new_xattr->name) {
+			kfree(new_xattr);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		memcpy(new_xattr->name, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX,
+		       XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN);
+		memcpy(new_xattr->name + XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN,
+		       xattr->name, len);
+
+		spin_lock(&info->lock);
+		list_add(&new_xattr->list, &info->xattr_list);
+		spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int shmem_xattr_get(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+			   void *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	struct shmem_xattr *xattr;
+	int ret = -ENODATA;
+
+	info = SHMEM_I(dentry->d_inode);
+
+	spin_lock(&info->lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(xattr, &info->xattr_list, list) {
+		if (strcmp(name, xattr->name))
+			continue;
+
+		ret = xattr->size;
+		if (buffer) {
+			if (size < xattr->size)
+				ret = -ERANGE;
+			else
+				memcpy(buffer, xattr->value, xattr->size);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int shmem_xattr_set(struct inode *inode, const char *name,
+			   const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
+	struct shmem_xattr *xattr;
+	struct shmem_xattr *new_xattr = NULL;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	/* value == NULL means remove */
+	if (value) {
+		new_xattr = shmem_xattr_alloc(value, size);
+		if (!new_xattr)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		new_xattr->name = kstrdup(name, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!new_xattr->name) {
+			kfree(new_xattr);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&info->lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(xattr, &info->xattr_list, list) {
+		if (!strcmp(name, xattr->name)) {
+			if (flags & XATTR_CREATE) {
+				xattr = new_xattr;
+				err = -EEXIST;
+			} else if (new_xattr) {
+				list_replace(&xattr->list, &new_xattr->list);
+			} else {
+				list_del(&xattr->list);
+			}
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	if (flags & XATTR_REPLACE) {
+		xattr = new_xattr;
+		err = -ENODATA;
+	} else {
+		list_add(&new_xattr->list, &info->xattr_list);
+		xattr = NULL;
+	}
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+	if (xattr)
+		kfree(xattr->name);
+	kfree(xattr);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct xattr_handler *shmem_xattr_handlers[] = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
+	&generic_acl_access_handler,
+	&generic_acl_default_handler,
+#endif
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int shmem_xattr_validate(const char *name)
+{
+	struct { const char *prefix; size_t len; } arr[] = {
+		{ XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN },
+		{ XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN }
+	};
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(arr); i++) {
+		size_t preflen = arr[i].len;
+		if (strncmp(name, arr[i].prefix, preflen) == 0) {
+			if (!name[preflen])
+				return -EINVAL;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static ssize_t shmem_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+			      void *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a request for a synthetic attribute in the system.*
+	 * namespace use the generic infrastructure to resolve a handler
+	 * for it via sb->s_xattr.
+	 */
+	if (!strncmp(name, XATTR_SYSTEM_PREFIX, XATTR_SYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN))
+		return generic_getxattr(dentry, name, buffer, size);
+
+	err = shmem_xattr_validate(name);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return shmem_xattr_get(dentry, name, buffer, size);
+}
+
+static int shmem_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
+			  const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a request for a synthetic attribute in the system.*
+	 * namespace use the generic infrastructure to resolve a handler
+	 * for it via sb->s_xattr.
+	 */
+	if (!strncmp(name, XATTR_SYSTEM_PREFIX, XATTR_SYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN))
+		return generic_setxattr(dentry, name, value, size, flags);
+
+	err = shmem_xattr_validate(name);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (size == 0)
+		value = "";  /* empty EA, do not remove */
+
+	return shmem_xattr_set(dentry->d_inode, name, value, size, flags);
+
+}
+
+static int shmem_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a request for a synthetic attribute in the system.*
+	 * namespace use the generic infrastructure to resolve a handler
+	 * for it via sb->s_xattr.
+	 */
+	if (!strncmp(name, XATTR_SYSTEM_PREFIX, XATTR_SYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN))
+		return generic_removexattr(dentry, name);
+
+	err = shmem_xattr_validate(name);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return shmem_xattr_set(dentry->d_inode, name, NULL, 0, XATTR_REPLACE);
+}
+
+static bool xattr_is_trusted(const char *name)
+{
+	return !strncmp(name, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN);
+}
+
+static ssize_t shmem_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+	bool trusted = capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	struct shmem_xattr *xattr;
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	size_t used = 0;
+
+	info = SHMEM_I(dentry->d_inode);
+
+	spin_lock(&info->lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(xattr, &info->xattr_list, list) {
+		size_t len;
+
+		/* skip "trusted." attributes for unprivileged callers */
+		if (!trusted && xattr_is_trusted(xattr->name))
+			continue;
+
+		len = strlen(xattr->name) + 1;
+		used += len;
+		if (buffer) {
+			if (size < used) {
+				used = -ERANGE;
+				break;
+			}
+			memcpy(buffer, xattr->name, len);
+			buffer += len;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&info->lock);
+
+	return used;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR */
+
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_short_symlink_operations = {
+	.readlink	= generic_readlink,
+	.follow_link	= shmem_follow_short_symlink,
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+	.setxattr	= shmem_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= shmem_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= shmem_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= shmem_removexattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inode_operations = {
+	.readlink	= generic_readlink,
+	.follow_link	= shmem_follow_link,
+	.put_link	= shmem_put_link,
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+	.setxattr	= shmem_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= shmem_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= shmem_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= shmem_removexattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+static struct dentry *shmem_get_parent(struct dentry *child)
+{
+	return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+}
+
+static int shmem_match(struct inode *ino, void *vfh)
+{
+	__u32 *fh = vfh;
+	__u64 inum = fh[2];
+	inum = (inum << 32) | fh[1];
+	return ino->i_ino == inum && fh[0] == ino->i_generation;
+}
+
+static struct dentry *shmem_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb,
+		struct fid *fid, int fh_len, int fh_type)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
+	u64 inum;
+
+	if (fh_len < 3)
+		return NULL;
+
+	inum = fid->raw[2];
+	inum = (inum << 32) | fid->raw[1];
+
+	inode = ilookup5(sb, (unsigned long)(inum + fid->raw[0]),
+			shmem_match, fid->raw);
+	if (inode) {
+		dentry = d_find_alias(inode);
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+
+	return dentry;
+}
+
+static int shmem_encode_fh(struct dentry *dentry, __u32 *fh, int *len,
+				int connectable)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = dentry->d_inode;
+
+	if (*len < 3) {
+		*len = 3;
+		return 255;
+	}
+
+	if (inode_unhashed(inode)) {
+		/* Unfortunately insert_inode_hash is not idempotent,
+		 * so as we hash inodes here rather than at creation
+		 * time, we need a lock to ensure we only try
+		 * to do it once
+		 */
+		static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lock);
+		spin_lock(&lock);
+		if (inode_unhashed(inode))
+			__insert_inode_hash(inode,
+					    inode->i_ino + inode->i_generation);
+		spin_unlock(&lock);
+	}
+
+	fh[0] = inode->i_generation;
+	fh[1] = inode->i_ino;
+	fh[2] = ((__u64)inode->i_ino) >> 32;
+
+	*len = 3;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const struct export_operations shmem_export_ops = {
+	.get_parent     = shmem_get_parent,
+	.encode_fh      = shmem_encode_fh,
+	.fh_to_dentry	= shmem_fh_to_dentry,
+};
+
+static int shmem_parse_options(char *options, struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo,
+			       bool remount)
+{
+	char *this_char, *value, *rest;
+
+	while (options != NULL) {
+		this_char = options;
+		for (;;) {
+			/*
+			 * NUL-terminate this option: unfortunately,
+			 * mount options form a comma-separated list,
+			 * but mpol's nodelist may also contain commas.
+			 */
+			options = strchr(options, ',');
+			if (options == NULL)
+				break;
+			options++;
+			if (!isdigit(*options)) {
+				options[-1] = '\0';
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!*this_char)
+			continue;
+		if ((value = strchr(this_char,'=')) != NULL) {
+			*value++ = 0;
+		} else {
+			printk(KERN_ERR
+			    "tmpfs: No value for mount option '%s'\n",
+			    this_char);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(this_char,"size")) {
+			unsigned long long size;
+			size = memparse(value,&rest);
+			if (*rest == '%') {
+				size <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
+				size *= totalram_pages;
+				do_div(size, 100);
+				rest++;
+			}
+			if (*rest)
+				goto bad_val;
+			sbinfo->max_blocks =
+				DIV_ROUND_UP(size, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE);
+		} else if (!strcmp(this_char,"nr_blocks")) {
+			sbinfo->max_blocks = memparse(value, &rest);
+			if (*rest)
+				goto bad_val;
+		} else if (!strcmp(this_char,"nr_inodes")) {
+			sbinfo->max_inodes = memparse(value, &rest);
+			if (*rest)
+				goto bad_val;
+		} else if (!strcmp(this_char,"mode")) {
+			if (remount)
+				continue;
+			sbinfo->mode = simple_strtoul(value, &rest, 8) & 07777;
+			if (*rest)
+				goto bad_val;
+		} else if (!strcmp(this_char,"uid")) {
+			if (remount)
+				continue;
+			sbinfo->uid = simple_strtoul(value, &rest, 0);
+			if (*rest)
+				goto bad_val;
+		} else if (!strcmp(this_char,"gid")) {
+			if (remount)
+				continue;
+			sbinfo->gid = simple_strtoul(value, &rest, 0);
+			if (*rest)
+				goto bad_val;
+		} else if (!strcmp(this_char,"mpol")) {
+			if (mpol_parse_str(value, &sbinfo->mpol, 1))
+				goto bad_val;
+		} else {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "tmpfs: Bad mount option %s\n",
+			       this_char);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+bad_val:
+	printk(KERN_ERR "tmpfs: Bad value '%s' for mount option '%s'\n",
+	       value, this_char);
+	return 1;
+
+}
+
+static int shmem_remount_fs(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
+{
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
+	struct shmem_sb_info config = *sbinfo;
+	unsigned long inodes;
+	int error = -EINVAL;
+
+	config.mpol = NULL;
+	if (shmem_parse_options(data, &config, true))
+		return error;
+
+	spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+	inodes = sbinfo->max_inodes - sbinfo->free_inodes;
+	if (percpu_counter_compare(&sbinfo->used_blocks, config.max_blocks) > 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (config.max_inodes < inodes)
+		goto out;
+	/*
+	 * Those tests disallow limited->unlimited while any are in use;
+	 * but we must separately disallow unlimited->limited, because
+	 * in that case we have no record of how much is already in use.
+	 */
+	if (config.max_blocks && !sbinfo->max_blocks)
+		goto out;
+	if (config.max_inodes && !sbinfo->max_inodes)
+		goto out;
+
+	error = 0;
+	sbinfo->max_blocks  = config.max_blocks;
+	sbinfo->max_inodes  = config.max_inodes;
+	sbinfo->free_inodes = config.max_inodes - inodes;
+
+	/*
+	 * Preserve previous mempolicy unless mpol remount option was specified.
+	 */
+	if (config.mpol) {
+		mpol_put(sbinfo->mpol);
+		sbinfo->mpol = config.mpol;	/* transfers initial ref */
+	}
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+	return error;
+}
+
+static int shmem_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
+{
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(root->d_sb);
+
+	if (sbinfo->max_blocks != shmem_default_max_blocks())
+		seq_printf(seq, ",size=%luk",
+			sbinfo->max_blocks << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - 10));
+	if (sbinfo->max_inodes != shmem_default_max_inodes())
+		seq_printf(seq, ",nr_inodes=%lu", sbinfo->max_inodes);
+	if (sbinfo->mode != (S_IRWXUGO | S_ISVTX))
+		seq_printf(seq, ",mode=%03ho", sbinfo->mode);
+	if (sbinfo->uid != 0)
+		seq_printf(seq, ",uid=%u", sbinfo->uid);
+	if (sbinfo->gid != 0)
+		seq_printf(seq, ",gid=%u", sbinfo->gid);
+	shmem_show_mpol(seq, sbinfo->mpol);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */
+
+static void shmem_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
+
+	percpu_counter_destroy(&sbinfo->used_blocks);
+	kfree(sbinfo);
+	sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
+}
+
+int shmem_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo;
+	int err = -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Round up to L1_CACHE_BYTES to resist false sharing */
+	sbinfo = kzalloc(max((int)sizeof(struct shmem_sb_info),
+				L1_CACHE_BYTES), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sbinfo)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	sbinfo->mode = S_IRWXUGO | S_ISVTX;
+	sbinfo->uid = current_fsuid();
+	sbinfo->gid = current_fsgid();
+	sb->s_fs_info = sbinfo;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+	/*
+	 * Per default we only allow half of the physical ram per
+	 * tmpfs instance, limiting inodes to one per page of lowmem;
+	 * but the internal instance is left unlimited.
+	 */
+	if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_NOUSER)) {
+		sbinfo->max_blocks = shmem_default_max_blocks();
+		sbinfo->max_inodes = shmem_default_max_inodes();
+		if (shmem_parse_options(data, sbinfo, false)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto failed;
+		}
+	}
+	sb->s_export_op = &shmem_export_ops;
+#else
+	sb->s_flags |= MS_NOUSER;
+#endif
+
+	spin_lock_init(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
+	if (percpu_counter_init(&sbinfo->used_blocks, 0))
+		goto failed;
+	sbinfo->free_inodes = sbinfo->max_inodes;
+
+	sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
+	sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+	sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	sb->s_magic = TMPFS_MAGIC;
+	sb->s_op = &shmem_ops;
+	sb->s_time_gran = 1;
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+	sb->s_xattr = shmem_xattr_handlers;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
+	sb->s_flags |= MS_POSIXACL;
+#endif
+
+	inode = shmem_get_inode(sb, NULL, S_IFDIR | sbinfo->mode, 0, VM_NORESERVE);
+	if (!inode)
+		goto failed;
+	inode->i_uid = sbinfo->uid;
+	inode->i_gid = sbinfo->gid;
+	sb->s_root = d_make_root(inode);
+	if (!sb->s_root)
+		goto failed;
+	return 0;
+
+failed:
+	shmem_put_super(sb);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct kmem_cache *shmem_inode_cachep;
+
+static struct inode *shmem_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info;
+	info = kmem_cache_alloc(shmem_inode_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!info)
+		return NULL;
+	return &info->vfs_inode;
+}
+
+static void shmem_destroy_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
+	kmem_cache_free(shmem_inode_cachep, SHMEM_I(inode));
+}
+
+static void shmem_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
+		mpol_free_shared_policy(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy);
+	call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, shmem_destroy_callback);
+}
+
+static void shmem_init_inode(void *foo)
+{
+	struct shmem_inode_info *info = foo;
+	inode_init_once(&info->vfs_inode);
+}
+
+static int shmem_init_inodecache(void)
+{
+	shmem_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("shmem_inode_cache",
+				sizeof(struct shmem_inode_info),
+				0, SLAB_PANIC, shmem_init_inode);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void shmem_destroy_inodecache(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(shmem_inode_cachep);
+}
+
+static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops = {
+	.writepage	= shmem_writepage,
+	.set_page_dirty	= __set_page_dirty_no_writeback,
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+	.write_begin	= shmem_write_begin,
+	.write_end	= shmem_write_end,
+#endif
+	.migratepage	= migrate_page,
+	.error_remove_page = generic_error_remove_page,
+};
+
+static const struct file_operations shmem_file_operations = {
+	.mmap		= shmem_mmap,
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
+	.read		= do_sync_read,
+	.write		= do_sync_write,
+	.aio_read	= shmem_file_aio_read,
+	.aio_write	= generic_file_aio_write,
+	.fsync		= noop_fsync,
+	.splice_read	= shmem_file_splice_read,
+	.splice_write	= generic_file_splice_write,
+#endif
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= shmem_setattr,
+	.truncate_range	= shmem_truncate_range,
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+	.setxattr	= shmem_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= shmem_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= shmem_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= shmem_removexattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_dir_inode_operations = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+	.create		= shmem_create,
+	.lookup		= simple_lookup,
+	.link		= shmem_link,
+	.unlink		= shmem_unlink,
+	.symlink	= shmem_symlink,
+	.mkdir		= shmem_mkdir,
+	.rmdir		= shmem_rmdir,
+	.mknod		= shmem_mknod,
+	.rename		= shmem_rename,
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+	.setxattr	= shmem_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= shmem_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= shmem_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= shmem_removexattr,
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
+	.setattr	= shmem_setattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations shmem_special_inode_operations = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
+	.setxattr	= shmem_setxattr,
+	.getxattr	= shmem_getxattr,
+	.listxattr	= shmem_listxattr,
+	.removexattr	= shmem_removexattr,
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
+	.setattr	= shmem_setattr,
+#endif
+};
+
+static const struct super_operations shmem_ops = {
+	.alloc_inode	= shmem_alloc_inode,
+	.destroy_inode	= shmem_destroy_inode,
+#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
+	.statfs		= shmem_statfs,
+	.remount_fs	= shmem_remount_fs,
+	.show_options	= shmem_show_options,
+#endif
+	.evict_inode	= shmem_evict_inode,
+	.drop_inode	= generic_delete_inode,
+	.put_super	= shmem_put_super,
+};
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_vm_ops = {
+	.fault		= shmem_fault,
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+	.set_policy     = shmem_set_policy,
+	.get_policy     = shmem_get_policy,
+#endif
+};
+
+static struct dentry *shmem_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
+	int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
+{
+	return mount_nodev(fs_type, flags, data, shmem_fill_super);
+}
+
+static struct file_system_type shmem_fs_type = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.name		= "tmpfs",
+	.mount		= shmem_mount,
+	.kill_sb	= kill_litter_super,
+};
+
+int __init shmem_init(void)
+{
+	int error;
+
+	error = bdi_init(&shmem_backing_dev_info);
+	if (error)
+		goto out4;
+
+	error = shmem_init_inodecache();
+	if (error)
+		goto out3;
+
+	error = register_filesystem(&shmem_fs_type);
+	if (error) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Could not register tmpfs\n");
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	shm_mnt = vfs_kern_mount(&shmem_fs_type, MS_NOUSER,
+				 shmem_fs_type.name, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(shm_mnt)) {
+		error = PTR_ERR(shm_mnt);
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Could not kern_mount tmpfs\n");
+		goto out1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+out1:
+	unregister_filesystem(&shmem_fs_type);
+out2:
+	shmem_destroy_inodecache();
+out3:
+	bdi_destroy(&shmem_backing_dev_info);
+out4:
+	shm_mnt = ERR_PTR(error);
+	return error;
+}
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_SHMEM */
+
+/*
+ * tiny-shmem: simple shmemfs and tmpfs using ramfs code
+ *
+ * This is intended for small system where the benefits of the full
+ * shmem code (swap-backed and resource-limited) are outweighed by
+ * their complexity. On systems without swap this code should be
+ * effectively equivalent, but much lighter weight.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/ramfs.h>
+
+static struct file_system_type shmem_fs_type = {
+	.name		= "tmpfs",
+	.mount		= ramfs_mount,
+	.kill_sb	= kill_litter_super,
+};
+
+int __init shmem_init(void)
+{
+	BUG_ON(register_filesystem(&shmem_fs_type) != 0);
+
+	shm_mnt = kern_mount(&shmem_fs_type);
+	BUG_ON(IS_ERR(shm_mnt));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int shmem_unuse(swp_entry_t swap, struct page *page)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int shmem_lock(struct file *file, int lock, struct user_struct *user)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+}
+
+void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, loff_t lend)
+{
+	truncate_inode_pages_range(inode->i_mapping, lstart, lend);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_truncate_range);
+
+int vmtruncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, loff_t lend)
+{
+	/* Only CONFIG_SHMEM shmem.c ever supported i_op->truncate_range(). */
+	return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
+#define shmem_vm_ops				generic_file_vm_ops
+#define shmem_file_operations			ramfs_file_operations
+#define shmem_get_inode(sb, dir, mode, dev, flags)	ramfs_get_inode(sb, dir, mode, dev)
+#define shmem_acct_size(flags, size)		0
+#define shmem_unacct_size(flags, size)		do {} while (0)
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_SHMEM */
+
+/* common code */
+
+/**
+ * shmem_file_setup - get an unlinked file living in tmpfs
+ * @name: name for dentry (to be seen in /proc/<pid>/maps
+ * @size: size to be set for the file
+ * @flags: VM_NORESERVE suppresses pre-accounting of the entire object size
+ */
+struct file *shmem_file_setup(const char *name, loff_t size, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	int error;
+	struct file *file;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct path path;
+	struct dentry *root;
+	struct qstr this;
+
+	if (IS_ERR(shm_mnt))
+		return (void *)shm_mnt;
+
+	if (size < 0 || size > MAX_LFS_FILESIZE)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	if (shmem_acct_size(flags, size))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	error = -ENOMEM;
+	this.name = name;
+	this.len = strlen(name);
+	this.hash = 0; /* will go */
+	root = shm_mnt->mnt_root;
+	path.dentry = d_alloc(root, &this);
+	if (!path.dentry)
+		goto put_memory;
+	path.mnt = mntget(shm_mnt);
+
+	error = -ENOSPC;
+	inode = shmem_get_inode(root->d_sb, NULL, S_IFREG | S_IRWXUGO, 0, flags);
+	if (!inode)
+		goto put_dentry;
+
+	d_instantiate(path.dentry, inode);
+	inode->i_size = size;
+	clear_nlink(inode);	/* It is unlinked */
+#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
+	error = ramfs_nommu_expand_for_mapping(inode, size);
+	if (error)
+		goto put_dentry;
+#endif
+
+	error = -ENFILE;
+	file = alloc_file(&path, FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_READ,
+		  &shmem_file_operations);
+	if (!file)
+		goto put_dentry;
+
+	return file;
+
+put_dentry:
+	path_put(&path);
+put_memory:
+	shmem_unacct_size(flags, size);
+	return ERR_PTR(error);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_file_setup);
+
+void shmem_set_file(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct file *file)
+{
+	if (vma->vm_file)
+		fput(vma->vm_file);
+	vma->vm_file = file;
+	vma->vm_ops = &shmem_vm_ops;
+	vma->vm_flags |= VM_CAN_NONLINEAR;
+}
+
+/**
+ * shmem_zero_setup - setup a shared anonymous mapping
+ * @vma: the vma to be mmapped is prepared by do_mmap_pgoff
+ */
+int shmem_zero_setup(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+	loff_t size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
+
+	file = shmem_file_setup("dev/zero", size, vma->vm_flags);
+	if (IS_ERR(file))
+		return PTR_ERR(file);
+
+	shmem_set_file(vma, file);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp - read into page cache, using specified page allocation flags.
+ * @mapping:	the page's address_space
+ * @index:	the page index
+ * @gfp:	the page allocator flags to use if allocating
+ *
+ * This behaves as a tmpfs "read_cache_page_gfp(mapping, index, gfp)",
+ * with any new page allocations done using the specified allocation flags.
+ * But read_cache_page_gfp() uses the ->readpage() method: which does not
+ * suit tmpfs, since it may have pages in swapcache, and needs to find those
+ * for itself; although drivers/gpu/drm i915 and ttm rely upon this support.
+ *
+ * i915_gem_object_get_pages_gtt() mixes __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN in
+ * with the mapping_gfp_mask(), to avoid OOMing the machine unnecessarily.
+ */
+struct page *shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(struct address_space *mapping,
+					 pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct page *page;
+	int error;
+
+	BUG_ON(mapping->a_ops != &shmem_aops);
+	error = shmem_getpage_gfp(inode, index, &page, SGP_CACHE, gfp, NULL);
+	if (error)
+		page = ERR_PTR(error);
+	else
+		unlock_page(page);
+	return page;
+#else
+	/*
+	 * The tiny !SHMEM case uses ramfs without swap
+	 */
+	return read_cache_page_gfp(mapping, index, gfp);
+#endif
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp);