--- a/src/dbinc_auto/int_def.in
+++ b/src/dbinc_auto/int_def.in
@@ -1373,6 +1373,7 @@
 #define	__memp_pgread __memp_pgread@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_pg __memp_pg@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_bhfree __memp_bhfree@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
+#define	__memp_bh_clear_dirty __memp_bh_clear_dirty@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_fget_pp __memp_fget_pp@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_fget __memp_fget@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_fcreate_pp __memp_fcreate_pp@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
@@ -1397,6 +1398,7 @@
 #define	__memp_fclose __memp_fclose@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_mf_discard __memp_mf_discard@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_inmemlist __memp_inmemlist@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
+#define	__memp_mf_mark_dead __memp_mf_mark_dead@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_fput_pp __memp_fput_pp@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_fput __memp_fput@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_unpin_buffers __memp_unpin_buffers@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
@@ -1455,6 +1457,7 @@
 #define	__mp_xxx_fh __mp_xxx_fh@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_sync_int __memp_sync_int@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_mf_sync __memp_mf_sync@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
+#define	__memp_purge_dead_files __memp_purge_dead_files@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__memp_trickle_pp __memp_trickle_pp@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__mutex_alloc __mutex_alloc@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
 #define	__mutex_alloc_int __mutex_alloc_int@DB_VERSION_UNIQUE_NAME@
--- a/src/dbinc_auto/mp_ext.h
+++ b/src/dbinc_auto/mp_ext.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ int __memp_bhwrite __P((DB_MPOOL *, DB_M
 int __memp_pgread __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, BH *, int));
 int __memp_pg __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, db_pgno_t, void *, int));
 int __memp_bhfree __P((DB_MPOOL *, REGINFO *, MPOOLFILE *, DB_MPOOL_HASH *, BH *, u_int32_t));
+void __memp_bh_clear_dirty __P((ENV*, DB_MPOOL_HASH *, BH *));
 int __memp_fget_pp __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, db_pgno_t *, DB_TXN *, u_int32_t, void *));
 int __memp_fget __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, db_pgno_t *, DB_THREAD_INFO *, DB_TXN *, u_int32_t, void *));
 int __memp_fcreate_pp __P((DB_ENV *, DB_MPOOLFILE **, u_int32_t));
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ int __memp_fclose_pp __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *
 int __memp_fclose __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, u_int32_t));
 int __memp_mf_discard __P((DB_MPOOL *, MPOOLFILE *, int));
 int __memp_inmemlist __P((ENV *, char ***, int *));
+void __memp_mf_mark_dead __P((DB_MPOOL *, MPOOLFILE *, int*));
 int __memp_fput_pp __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, void *, DB_CACHE_PRIORITY, u_int32_t));
 int __memp_fput __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, DB_THREAD_INFO *, void *, DB_CACHE_PRIORITY));
 int __memp_unpin_buffers __P((ENV *, DB_THREAD_INFO *));
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ int __memp_fsync __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *));
 int __mp_xxx_fh __P((DB_MPOOLFILE *, DB_FH **));
 int __memp_sync_int __P((ENV *, DB_MPOOLFILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, u_int32_t *, int *));
 int __memp_mf_sync __P((DB_MPOOL *, MPOOLFILE *, int));
+int __memp_purge_dead_files __P((ENV *));
 int __memp_trickle_pp __P((DB_ENV *, int, int *));
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
--- a/src/mp/mp_bh.c
+++ b/src/mp/mp_bh.c
@@ -474,11 +474,8 @@ file_dead:
 	if (F_ISSET(bhp, BH_DIRTY | BH_TRASH)) {
 		MUTEX_LOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
 		DB_ASSERT(env, !SH_CHAIN_HASNEXT(bhp, vc));
-		if (ret == 0 && F_ISSET(bhp, BH_DIRTY)) {
-			F_CLR(bhp, BH_DIRTY | BH_DIRTY_CREATE);
-			DB_ASSERT(env, atomic_read(&hp->hash_page_dirty) > 0);
-			atomic_dec(env, &hp->hash_page_dirty);
-		}
+		if (ret == 0)
+			__memp_bh_clear_dirty(env, hp, bhp);
 
 		/* put the page back if necessary. */
 		if ((ret != 0 || BH_REFCOUNT(bhp) > 1) &&
@@ -688,3 +685,29 @@ no_hp:	if (mfp != NULL)
 
 	return (ret);
 }
+
+/*
+ * __memp_bh_clear_dirty --
+ *	Clear the dirty flag of of a buffer. Calls on the same buffer must be
+ *	serialized to get the accounting correct. This can be achieved by
+ *	acquiring an exclusive lock on the buffer, a shared lock on the
+ *	buffer plus an exclusive lock on the hash bucket, or some other
+ *	mechanism that guarantees single-thread access to the entire region
+ *	(e.g. during __memp_region_bhfree()).
+ *
+ * PUBLIC: void __memp_bh_clear_dirty __P((ENV*, DB_MPOOL_HASH *, BH *));
+ */
+void
+__memp_bh_clear_dirty(env, hp, bhp)
+	ENV *env;
+	DB_MPOOL_HASH *hp;
+	BH *bhp;
+{
+	COMPQUIET(env, env);
+	if (F_ISSET(bhp, BH_DIRTY)) {
+		F_CLR(bhp, BH_DIRTY | BH_DIRTY_CREATE);
+		DB_ASSERT(env, atomic_read(&hp->hash_page_dirty) > 0);
+		(void)atomic_dec(env, &hp->hash_page_dirty);
+	}
+}
+
--- a/src/mp/mp_fget.c
+++ b/src/mp/mp_fget.c
@@ -439,12 +439,7 @@ thawed:			need_free = (atomic_dec(env, &
 		if (flags == DB_MPOOL_FREE) {
 freebuf:		MUTEX_LOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
 			h_locked = 1;
-			if (F_ISSET(bhp, BH_DIRTY)) {
-				F_CLR(bhp, BH_DIRTY | BH_DIRTY_CREATE);
-				DB_ASSERT(env,
-				   atomic_read(&hp->hash_page_dirty) > 0);
-				atomic_dec(env, &hp->hash_page_dirty);
-			}
+			__memp_bh_clear_dirty(env, hp, bhp);
 
 			/*
 			 * If the buffer we found is already freed, we're done.
--- a/src/mp/mp_fopen.c
+++ b/src/mp/mp_fopen.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "dbinc/db_page.h"
 #include "dbinc/hash.h"
 
+static int __memp_count_dead_mutex __P((DB_MPOOL *, u_int32_t *));
 static int __memp_mpf_alloc __P((DB_MPOOL *,
     DB_MPOOLFILE *, const char *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, MPOOLFILE **));
 static int __memp_mpf_find __P((ENV *,
@@ -711,7 +712,11 @@ __memp_mpf_find(env, dbmfp, hp, path, fl
 		 */
 		if (LF_ISSET(DB_TRUNCATE)) {
 			MUTEX_LOCK(env, mfp->mutex);
-			mfp->deadfile = 1;
+			/*
+			 * We cannot purge dead files here, because the caller
+			 * is holding the mutex of the hash bucket of mfp.
+			 */
+			__memp_mf_mark_dead(dbmp, mfp, NULL);
 			MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, mfp->mutex);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -909,10 +914,11 @@ __memp_fclose(dbmfp, flags)
 	MPOOLFILE *mfp;
 	char *rpath;
 	u_int32_t ref;
-	int deleted, ret, t_ret;
+	int deleted, purge_dead, ret, t_ret;
 
 	env = dbmfp->env;
 	dbmp = env->mp_handle;
+	purge_dead = 0;
 	ret = 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -1006,7 +1012,7 @@ __memp_fclose(dbmfp, flags)
 	if (--mfp->mpf_cnt == 0 || LF_ISSET(DB_MPOOL_DISCARD)) {
 		if (LF_ISSET(DB_MPOOL_DISCARD) ||
 		    F_ISSET(mfp, MP_TEMP) || mfp->unlink_on_close) {
-			mfp->deadfile = 1;
+			__memp_mf_mark_dead(dbmp, mfp, &purge_dead);
 		}
 		if (mfp->unlink_on_close) {
 			if ((t_ret = __db_appname(dbmp->env, DB_APP_DATA,
@@ -1039,6 +1045,8 @@ __memp_fclose(dbmfp, flags)
 	}
 	if (!deleted && !LF_ISSET(DB_MPOOL_NOLOCK))
 		MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, mfp->mutex);
+	if (purge_dead)
+		(void)__memp_purge_dead_files(env);
 
 done:	/* Discard the DB_MPOOLFILE structure. */
 	if (dbmfp->pgcookie != NULL) {
@@ -1093,7 +1101,7 @@ __memp_mf_discard(dbmp, mfp, hp_locked)
 	 * mutex so we don't deadlock.  Make sure nobody ever looks at this
 	 * structure again.
 	 */
-	mfp->deadfile = 1;
+	__memp_mf_mark_dead(dbmp, mfp, NULL);
 
 	/* Discard the mutex we're holding and return it too the pool. */
 	MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, mfp->mutex);
@@ -1218,3 +1226,104 @@ nomem:	MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
 	*namesp = NULL;
 	return (ret);
 }
+
+/*
+ * __memp_mf_mark_dead --
+ *	Mark an MPOOLFILE as dead because its contents are no longer necessary.
+ *	This happens when removing, truncation, or closing an unnamed in-memory
+ *	database. Return, in the purgep parameter, whether the caller should
+ *	call __memp_purge_dead_files() after the lock on mfp is released. The
+ *	caller must hold an exclusive lock on the mfp handle.
+ *
+ * PUBLIC: void __memp_mf_mark_dead __P((DB_MPOOL *, MPOOLFILE *, int*));
+ */
+void
+__memp_mf_mark_dead(dbmp, mfp, purgep)
+	DB_MPOOL *dbmp;	
+	MPOOLFILE *mfp;
+	int *purgep;
+{
+	ENV *env;
+#ifdef HAVE_MUTEX_SUPPORT
+	REGINFO *infop;
+	DB_MUTEXREGION *mtxregion;
+	u_int32_t mutex_max, mutex_inuse, dead_mutex;
+#endif
+
+	if (purgep != NULL)
+		*purgep = 0;
+
+	env = dbmp->env;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_MUTEX_SUPPORT
+	MUTEX_REQUIRED(env, mfp->mutex);
+
+	if (MUTEX_ON(env) && mfp->deadfile == 0) {
+		infop = &env->mutex_handle->reginfo;
+		mtxregion = infop->primary;
+
+		mutex_inuse = mtxregion->stat.st_mutex_inuse;
+		if ((mutex_max = env->dbenv->mutex_max) == 0)
+			mutex_max = infop->rp->max / mtxregion->mutex_size;
+
+		/*
+		 * Purging dead pages requires a full scan of the entire cache
+		 * buffer, so it is a slow operation. We only want to do it
+		 * when it is necessary and provides enough benefits. Below is
+		 * a simple heuristic that determines when to purge all dead
+		 * pages.
+		 */
+		if (purgep != NULL && mutex_inuse > mutex_max - 200) {
+			/*
+			 * If the mutex region is almost full and there are
+			 * many mutexes held by dead files, purge dead files.
+			 */
+			(void)__memp_count_dead_mutex(dbmp, &dead_mutex);
+			dead_mutex += mfp->block_cnt + 1;
+
+			if (dead_mutex > mutex_inuse / 20)
+				*purgep = 1;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	mfp->deadfile = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * __memp_count_dead_mutex --
+ *	Estimate the number of mutexes held by dead files.
+ */
+static int
+__memp_count_dead_mutex(dbmp, dead_mutex)
+	DB_MPOOL *dbmp;
+	u_int32_t *dead_mutex;
+{
+	ENV *env;
+	DB_MPOOL_HASH *hp;
+	MPOOL *mp;
+	MPOOLFILE *mfp;
+	u_int32_t mutex_per_file;
+	int busy, i;
+
+	env = dbmp->env;
+	*dead_mutex = 0;
+	mutex_per_file = 1;
+#ifndef HAVE_ATOMICFILEREAD
+	mutex_per_file = 2;
+#endif
+	mp = dbmp->reginfo[0].primary;
+	hp = R_ADDR(dbmp->reginfo, mp->ftab);
+	for (i = 0; i < MPOOL_FILE_BUCKETS; i++, hp++) {
+		busy = MUTEX_TRYLOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
+		if (busy)
+			continue;
+		SH_TAILQ_FOREACH(mfp, &hp->hash_bucket, q, __mpoolfile) {
+			if (mfp->deadfile)
+				*dead_mutex += mfp->block_cnt + mutex_per_file;
+		}
+		MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
+	}
+
+	return (0);
+}
--- a/src/mp/mp_method.c
+++ b/src/mp/mp_method.c
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ __memp_nameop(env, fileid, newname, full
 	MPOOLFILE *mfp;
 	roff_t newname_off;
 	u_int32_t bucket;
-	int locked, ret;
+	int locked, purge_dead, ret;
 	size_t nlen;
 	void *p;
 
@@ -657,6 +657,7 @@ __memp_nameop(env, fileid, newname, full
 	nhp = NULL;
 	p = NULL;
 	locked = ret = 0;
+	purge_dead = 0;
 
 	if (!MPOOL_ON(env))
 		goto fsop;
@@ -749,7 +750,7 @@ __memp_nameop(env, fileid, newname, full
 		 */
 		if (mfp->no_backing_file)
 			mfp->mpf_cnt--;
-		mfp->deadfile = 1;
+		__memp_mf_mark_dead(dbmp, mfp, &purge_dead);
 		MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, mfp->mutex);
 	} else {
 		/*
@@ -808,6 +809,12 @@ err:	if (p != NULL) {
 		if (nhp != NULL && nhp != hp)
 			MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, nhp->mtx_hash);
 	}
+	/* 
+	 * __memp_purge_dead_files() must be called when the hash bucket is
+	 * unlocked.
+	 */
+	if (purge_dead)
+		(void)__memp_purge_dead_files(env);
 	return (ret);
 }
 
--- a/src/mp/mp_sync.c
+++ b/src/mp/mp_sync.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static int __memp_close_flush_files __P(
 static int __memp_sync_files __P((ENV *));
 static int __memp_sync_file __P((ENV *,
 		MPOOLFILE *, void *, u_int32_t *, u_int32_t));
+static inline void __update_err_ret(int, int*);
 
 /*
  * __memp_walk_files --
@@ -965,3 +966,123 @@ __bhcmp(p1, p2)
 		return (1);
 	return (0);
 }
+
+/*
+ * __memp_purge_dead_files --
+ *	Remove all dead files and their buffers from the mpool. The caller
+ *	cannot hold any lock on the dead MPOOLFILE handles, their buffers
+ *	or their hash buckets.
+ *
+ * PUBLIC: int __memp_purge_dead_files __P((ENV *));
+ */
+int
+__memp_purge_dead_files(env)
+	ENV *env;
+{
+	BH *bhp;
+	DB_MPOOL *dbmp;
+	DB_MPOOL_HASH *hp, *hp_end;
+	REGINFO *infop;
+	MPOOL *c_mp, *mp;
+	MPOOLFILE *mfp;
+	u_int32_t i_cache;
+	int ret, t_ret, h_lock;
+
+	if (!MPOOL_ON(env))
+		return (0);
+
+	dbmp = env->mp_handle;
+	mp = dbmp->reginfo[0].primary;
+	ret = t_ret = h_lock = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Walk each cache's list of buffers and free all buffers whose
+	 * MPOOLFILE is marked as dead.
+	 */
+	for (i_cache = 0; i_cache < mp->nreg; i_cache++) {
+		infop = &dbmp->reginfo[i_cache]; 
+		c_mp = infop->primary;
+
+		hp = R_ADDR(infop, c_mp->htab);
+		hp_end = &hp[c_mp->htab_buckets];
+		for (; hp < hp_end; hp++) {
+			/* Skip empty buckets. */
+			if (SH_TAILQ_FIRST(&hp->hash_bucket, __bh) == NULL)
+				continue;
+
+			/* 
+			 * Search for a dead buffer. Other places that call
+			 * __memp_bhfree() acquire the buffer lock before the
+			 * hash bucket lock. Even though we acquire the two
+			 * locks in reverse order, we cannot deadlock here
+			 * because we don't block waiting for the locks.
+			 */
+			t_ret = MUTEX_TRYLOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
+			if (t_ret != 0) {
+				__update_err_ret(t_ret, &ret);
+				continue;
+			}
+			h_lock = 1;
+			SH_TAILQ_FOREACH(bhp, &hp->hash_bucket, hq, __bh) {
+				/* Skip buffers that are being used. */
+				if (BH_REFCOUNT(bhp) > 0)
+					continue;
+
+				mfp = R_ADDR(dbmp->reginfo, bhp->mf_offset);
+				if (!mfp->deadfile)
+					continue;
+
+				/* Found a dead buffer. Prepare to free it. */
+				t_ret = MUTEX_TRYLOCK(env, bhp->mtx_buf);
+				if (t_ret != 0) {
+					__update_err_ret(t_ret, &ret);
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				DB_ASSERT(env, (!F_ISSET(bhp, BH_EXCLUSIVE) &&
+				    BH_REFCOUNT(bhp) == 0));
+				F_SET(bhp, BH_EXCLUSIVE);
+				(void)atomic_inc(env, &bhp->ref);
+
+				__memp_bh_clear_dirty(env, hp, bhp);
+
+				/*
+				 * Free the buffer. The buffer and hash bucket
+				 * are unlocked by __memp_bhfree.
+				 */
+				if ((t_ret = __memp_bhfree(dbmp, infop, mfp,
+				    hp, bhp, BH_FREE_FREEMEM)) == 0)
+					/*
+					 * Decrement hp, so the next turn will
+					 * search the same bucket again.
+					 */
+					hp--;
+				else
+					__update_err_ret(t_ret, &ret);
+
+				/*
+				 * The hash bucket is unlocked, we need to
+				 * start over again.
+				 */
+				h_lock = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (h_lock) {
+				MUTEX_UNLOCK(env, hp->mtx_hash);
+				h_lock = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+static inline void
+__update_err_ret(t_ret, retp)
+	int t_ret;
+	int *retp;
+{
+	if (t_ret != 0 && t_ret != DB_LOCK_NOTGRANTED && *retp == 0)
+		*retp = t_ret;
+}
--- a/src/mp/mp_trickle.c
+++ b/src/mp/mp_trickle.c
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ __memp_trickle(env, pct, nwrotep)
 		return (EINVAL);
 	}
 
+	/* First we purge all dead files and their buffers. */
+	if ((ret = __memp_purge_dead_files(env)) != 0)
+		return (ret);
+
 	/*
 	 * Loop through the caches counting total/dirty buffers.
 	 *
--- a/src/mutex/mut_region.c
+++ b/src/mutex/mut_region.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 static db_size_t __mutex_align_size __P((ENV *));
 static int __mutex_region_init __P((ENV *, DB_MUTEXMGR *));
 static size_t __mutex_region_size __P((ENV *));
-static size_t __mutex_region_max __P((ENV *));
+static size_t __mutex_region_max __P((ENV *, u_int32_t));
 
 /*
  * __mutex_open --
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ __mutex_open(env, create_ok)
 	DB_MUTEXMGR *mtxmgr;
 	DB_MUTEXREGION *mtxregion;
 	size_t size;
-	u_int32_t cpu_count;
+	u_int32_t cpu_count, mutex_needed;
 	int ret;
 #ifndef HAVE_ATOMIC_SUPPORT
 	u_int i;
@@ -61,19 +61,20 @@ __mutex_open(env, create_ok)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * If the user didn't set an absolute value on the number of mutexes
-	 * we'll need, figure it out.  We're conservative in our allocation,
-	 * we need mutexes for DB handles, group-commit queues and other things
-	 * applications allocate at run-time.  The application may have kicked
-	 * up our count to allocate its own mutexes, add that in.
+	 * Figure out the number of mutexes we'll need.  We're conservative in
+	 * our allocation, we need mutexes for DB handles, group-commit queues
+	 * and other things applications allocate at run-time.  The application
+	 * may have kicked up our count to allocate its own mutexes, add that
+	 * in.
 	 */
+	mutex_needed =
+	    __lock_region_mutex_count(env) +
+	    __log_region_mutex_count(env) +
+	    __memp_region_mutex_count(env) +
+	    __txn_region_mutex_count(env);
 	if (dbenv->mutex_cnt == 0 &&
 	    F_ISSET(env, ENV_PRIVATE | ENV_THREAD) != ENV_PRIVATE)
-		dbenv->mutex_cnt =
-		    __lock_region_mutex_count(env) +
-		    __log_region_mutex_count(env) +
-		    __memp_region_mutex_count(env) +
-		    __txn_region_mutex_count(env);
+		dbenv->mutex_cnt = mutex_needed;
 
 	if (dbenv->mutex_max != 0 && dbenv->mutex_cnt > dbenv->mutex_max)
 		dbenv->mutex_cnt = dbenv->mutex_max;
@@ -90,8 +91,8 @@ __mutex_open(env, create_ok)
 	size = __mutex_region_size(env);
 	if (create_ok)
 		F_SET(&mtxmgr->reginfo, REGION_CREATE_OK);
-	if ((ret = __env_region_attach(env,
-	    &mtxmgr->reginfo, size, size + __mutex_region_max(env))) != 0)
+	if ((ret = __env_region_attach(env, &mtxmgr->reginfo,
+	    size, size + __mutex_region_max(env, mutex_needed))) != 0)
 		goto err;
 
 	/* If we created the region, initialize it. */
@@ -352,9 +353,13 @@ __mutex_region_size(env)
 
 	s = sizeof(DB_MUTEXMGR) + 1024;
 
-	/* We discard one mutex for the OOB slot. */
+	/* 
+	 * We discard one mutex for the OOB slot. Make sure mutex_cnt doesn't
+	 * overflow.
+	 */
 	s += __env_alloc_size(
-	    (dbenv->mutex_cnt + 1) *__mutex_align_size(env));
+	    (dbenv->mutex_cnt + (dbenv->mutex_cnt == UINT32_MAX ? 0 : 1)) *
+	    __mutex_align_size(env));
 
 	return (s);
 }
@@ -364,28 +369,42 @@ __mutex_region_size(env)
  *	 Return the amount of space needed to reach the maximum size.
  */
 static size_t
-__mutex_region_max(env)
+__mutex_region_max(env, mutex_needed)
 	ENV *env;
+	u_int32_t mutex_needed;
 {
 	DB_ENV *dbenv;
-	u_int32_t max;
+	u_int32_t max, mutex_cnt;
 
 	dbenv = env->dbenv;
+	mutex_cnt = dbenv->mutex_cnt;
 
-	if ((max = dbenv->mutex_max) == 0) {
+	/*
+	 * We want to limit the region size to accommodate at most UINT32_MAX
+	 * mutexes. If mutex_cnt is UINT32_MAX, no more space is allowed.
+	 */
+	if ((max = dbenv->mutex_max) == 0 && mutex_cnt != UINT32_MAX)
 		if (F_ISSET(env, ENV_PRIVATE | ENV_THREAD) == ENV_PRIVATE)
-			max = dbenv->mutex_inc + 1;
-		else
+			if (dbenv->mutex_inc + 1 < UINT32_MAX - mutex_cnt)
+				max = dbenv->mutex_inc + 1 + mutex_cnt;
+			else
+				max = UINT32_MAX;
+		else {
 			max = __lock_region_mutex_max(env) +
 			    __txn_region_mutex_max(env) +
 			    __log_region_mutex_max(env) +
 			    dbenv->mutex_inc + 100;
-	} else if (max <= dbenv->mutex_cnt)
+			if (max < UINT32_MAX - mutex_needed)
+				max += mutex_needed;
+			else
+				max = UINT32_MAX;
+		}
+
+	if (max <= mutex_cnt)
 		return (0);
 	else
-		max -= dbenv->mutex_cnt;
-
-	return ( __env_alloc_size(max * __mutex_align_size(env)));
+		return (__env_alloc_size(
+		    (max - mutex_cnt) * __mutex_align_size(env)));
 }
 
 #ifdef	HAVE_MUTEX_SYSTEM_RESOURCES