/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Travis Geiselbrecht
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
 * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
 * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
 * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
 * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#include <list.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <trace.h>
#include <lib/bcache.h>
#include <lib/bio.h>

#define LOCAL_TRACE 0

struct bcache_block {
    struct list_node node;
    bnum_t blocknum;
    int ref_count;
    bool is_dirty;
    void *ptr;
};

struct bcache_stats {
    uint32_t hits;
    uint32_t depth;
    uint32_t misses;
    uint32_t reads;
    uint32_t writes;
};

struct bcache {
    bdev_t *dev;
    size_t block_size;
    int count;
    struct bcache_stats stats;

    struct list_node free_list;
    struct list_node lru_list;

    struct bcache_block *blocks;
};

bcache_t bcache_create(bdev_t *dev, size_t block_size, int block_count)
{
    struct bcache *cache;

    cache = malloc(sizeof(struct bcache));

    cache->dev = dev;
    cache->block_size = block_size;
    cache->count = block_count;
    memset(&cache->stats, 0, sizeof(cache->stats));

    list_initialize(&cache->free_list);
    list_initialize(&cache->lru_list);

    cache->blocks = malloc(sizeof(struct bcache_block) * block_count);
    int i;
    for (i=0; i < block_count; i++) {
        cache->blocks[i].ref_count = 0;
        cache->blocks[i].is_dirty = false;
        cache->blocks[i].ptr = malloc(block_size);
        // add to the free list
        list_add_head(&cache->free_list, &cache->blocks[i].node);
    }

    return (bcache_t)cache;
}

static int flush_block(struct bcache *cache, struct bcache_block *block)
{
    int rc;

    rc = bio_write(cache->dev, block->ptr,
                   (off_t)block->blocknum * cache->block_size,
                   cache->block_size);
    if (rc < 0)
        goto exit;

    block->is_dirty = false;
    cache->stats.writes++;
    rc = 0;
exit:
    return (rc);
}

void bcache_destroy(bcache_t _cache)
{
    struct bcache *cache = _cache;
    int i;

    for (i=0; i < cache->count; i++) {
        DEBUG_ASSERT(cache->blocks[i].ref_count == 0);

        if (cache->blocks[i].is_dirty)
            printf("warning: freeing dirty block %u\n",
                   cache->blocks[i].blocknum);

        free(cache->blocks[i].ptr);
    }

    free(cache);
}

/* find a block if it's already present */
static struct bcache_block *find_block(struct bcache *cache, uint blocknum)
{
    uint32_t depth = 0;
    struct bcache_block *block;

    LTRACEF("num %u\n", blocknum);

    block = NULL;
    list_for_every_entry(&cache->lru_list, block, struct bcache_block, node) {
        LTRACEF("looking at entry %p, num %u\n", block, block->blocknum);
        depth++;

        if (block->blocknum == blocknum) {
            list_delete(&block->node);
            list_add_tail(&cache->lru_list, &block->node);
            cache->stats.hits++;
            cache->stats.depth += depth;
            return block;
        }
    }

    cache->stats.misses++;
    return NULL;
}

/* allocate a new block */
static struct bcache_block *alloc_block(struct bcache *cache)
{
    int err;
    struct bcache_block *block;

    /* pop one off the free list if it's present */
    block = list_remove_head_type(&cache->free_list, struct bcache_block, node);
    if (block) {
        block->ref_count = 0;
        list_add_tail(&cache->lru_list, &block->node);
        LTRACEF("found block %p on free list\n", block);
        return block;
    }

    /* walk the lru, looking for a free block */
    list_for_every_entry(&cache->lru_list, block, struct bcache_block, node) {
        LTRACEF("looking at %p, num %u\n", block, block->blocknum);
        if (block->ref_count == 0) {
            if (block->is_dirty) {
                err = flush_block(cache, block);
                if (err)
                    return NULL;
            }

            // add it to the tail of the lru
            list_delete(&block->node);
            list_add_tail(&cache->lru_list, &block->node);
            return block;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

static struct bcache_block *find_or_fill_block(struct bcache *cache, uint blocknum)
{
    int err;

    LTRACEF("block %u\n", blocknum);

    /* see if it's already in the cache */
    struct bcache_block *block = find_block(cache, blocknum);
    if (block == NULL) {
        LTRACEF("wasn't allocated\n");

        /* allocate a new block and fill it */
        block = alloc_block(cache);
        DEBUG_ASSERT(block);

        LTRACEF("wasn't allocated, new block %p\n", block);

        block->blocknum = blocknum;
        err = bio_read(cache->dev, block->ptr, (off_t)blocknum * cache->block_size, cache->block_size);
        if (err < 0) {
            /* free the block, return an error */
            list_add_tail(&cache->free_list, &block->node);
            return NULL;
        }

        cache->stats.reads++;
    }

    DEBUG_ASSERT(block->blocknum == blocknum);

    return block;
}

int bcache_read_block(bcache_t _cache, void *buf, uint blocknum)
{
    struct bcache *cache = _cache;

    LTRACEF("buf %p, blocknum %u\n", buf, blocknum);

    struct bcache_block *block = find_or_fill_block(cache, blocknum);
    if (block == NULL) {
        /* error */
        return -1;
    }

    memcpy(buf, block->ptr, cache->block_size);
    return 0;
}

int bcache_get_block(bcache_t _cache, void **ptr, uint blocknum)
{
    struct bcache *cache = _cache;

    LTRACEF("ptr %p, blocknum %u\n", ptr, blocknum);

    DEBUG_ASSERT(ptr);

    struct bcache_block *block = find_or_fill_block(cache, blocknum);
    if (block == NULL) {
        /* error */
        return -1;
    }

    /* increment the ref count to keep it from being freed */
    block->ref_count++;
    *ptr = block->ptr;

    return 0;
}

int bcache_put_block(bcache_t _cache, uint blocknum)
{
    struct bcache *cache = _cache;

    LTRACEF("blocknum %u\n", blocknum);

    struct bcache_block *block = find_block(cache, blocknum);

    /* be pretty hard on the caller for now */
    DEBUG_ASSERT(block);
    DEBUG_ASSERT(block->ref_count > 0);

    block->ref_count--;

    return 0;
}

int bcache_mark_block_dirty(bcache_t priv, uint blocknum)
{
    int err;
    struct bcache *cache = priv;
    struct bcache_block *block;

    block = find_block(cache, blocknum);
    if (!block) {
        err = -1;
        goto exit;
    }

    block->is_dirty = true;
    err = 0;
exit:
    return (err);
}

int bcache_zero_block(bcache_t priv, uint blocknum)
{
    int err;
    struct bcache *cache = priv;
    struct bcache_block *block;

    block = find_block(cache, blocknum);
    if (!block) {
        block = alloc_block(cache);
        if (!block) {
            err = -1;
            goto exit;
        }

        block->blocknum = blocknum;
    }

    memset(block->ptr, 0, cache->block_size);
    block->is_dirty = true;
    err = 0;
exit:
    return (err);
}

int bcache_flush(bcache_t priv)
{
    int err;
    struct bcache *cache = priv;
    struct bcache_block *block;

    list_for_every_entry(&cache->lru_list, block, struct bcache_block, node) {
        if (block->is_dirty) {
            err = flush_block(cache, block);
            if (err)
                goto exit;
        }
    }

    err = 0;
exit:
    return (err);
}

void bcache_dump(bcache_t priv, const char *name)
{
    uint32_t finds;
    struct bcache *cache = priv;

    finds = cache->stats.hits + cache->stats.misses;

    printf("%s: hits=%u(%u%%) depth=%u misses=%u(%u%%) reads=%u writes=%u\n",
           name,
           cache->stats.hits,
           finds ? (cache->stats.hits * 100) / finds : 0,
           cache->stats.hits ? cache->stats.depth / cache->stats.hits : 0,
           cache->stats.misses,
           finds ? (cache->stats.misses * 100) / finds : 0,
           cache->stats.reads,
           cache->stats.writes);
}