[Feature]Upload Modem source code

Change-Id: Id4294f30faced84d3e6fd6d5e61e1111bf287a37
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+package Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Examples;
+
+###############################################################################
+#
+# Examples - Spreadsheet::WriteExcel examples.
+#
+# A documentation only module showing the examples that are
+# included in the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel distribution. This
+# file was generated automatically via the gen_examples_pod.pl
+# program that is also included in the examples directory.
+#
+# Copyright 2000-2010, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+#
+# Documentation after __END__
+#
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+$VERSION = '2.37';
+
+1;
+
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Examples - Spreadsheet::WriteExcel example programs.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a documentation only module showing the examples that are
+included in the L<Spreadsheet::WriteExcel> distribution.
+
+This file was auto-generated via the gen_examples_pod.pl
+program that is also included in the examples directory.
+
+=head1 Example programs
+
+The following is a list of the 85 example programs that are included in the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel distribution.
+
+=over
+
+=item * L<Example: a_simple.pl> A get started example with some basic features.
+
+=item * L<Example: demo.pl> A demo of some of the available features.
+
+=item * L<Example: regions.pl> A simple example of multiple worksheets.
+
+=item * L<Example: stats.pl> Basic formulas and functions.
+
+=item * L<Example: formats.pl> All the available formatting on several worksheets.
+
+=item * L<Example: bug_report.pl> A template for submitting bug reports.
+
+=item * L<Example: autofilter.pl> Examples of worksheet autofilters.
+
+=item * L<Example: autofit.pl> Simulate Excel's autofit for column widths.
+
+=item * L<Example: bigfile.pl> Write past the 7MB limit with OLE::Storage_Lite.
+
+=item * L<Example: cgi.pl> A simple CGI program.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_area.pl> A demo of area style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_bar.pl> A demo of bar (vertical histogram) style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_column.pl> A demo of column (histogram) style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_line.pl> A demo of line style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_pie.pl> A demo of pie style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_scatter.pl> A demo of scatter style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chart_stock.pl> A demo of stock style charts.
+
+=item * L<Example: chess.pl> An example of reusing formatting via properties.
+
+=item * L<Example: colors.pl> A demo of the colour palette and named colours.
+
+=item * L<Example: comments1.pl> Add comments to worksheet cells.
+
+=item * L<Example: comments2.pl> Add comments with advanced options.
+
+=item * L<Example: copyformat.pl> Example of copying a cell format.
+
+=item * L<Example: data_validate.pl> An example of data validation and dropdown lists.
+
+=item * L<Example: date_time.pl> Write dates and times with write_date_time().
+
+=item * L<Example: defined_name.pl> Example of how to create defined names.
+
+=item * L<Example: diag_border.pl> A simple example of diagonal cell borders.
+
+=item * L<Example: easter_egg.pl> Expose the Excel97 flight simulator.
+
+=item * L<Example: filehandle.pl> Examples of working with filehandles.
+
+=item * L<Example: formula_result.pl> Formulas with user specified results.
+
+=item * L<Example: headers.pl> Examples of worksheet headers and footers.
+
+=item * L<Example: hide_sheet.pl> Simple example of hiding a worksheet.
+
+=item * L<Example: hyperlink1.pl> Shows how to create web hyperlinks.
+
+=item * L<Example: hyperlink2.pl> Examples of internal and external hyperlinks.
+
+=item * L<Example: images.pl> Adding images to worksheets.
+
+=item * L<Example: indent.pl> An example of cell indentation.
+
+=item * L<Example: merge1.pl> A simple example of cell merging.
+
+=item * L<Example: merge2.pl> A simple example of cell merging with formatting.
+
+=item * L<Example: merge3.pl> Add hyperlinks to merged cells.
+
+=item * L<Example: merge4.pl> An advanced example of merging with formatting.
+
+=item * L<Example: merge5.pl> An advanced example of merging with formatting.
+
+=item * L<Example: merge6.pl> An example of merging with Unicode strings.
+
+=item * L<Example: mod_perl1.pl> A simple mod_perl 1 program.
+
+=item * L<Example: mod_perl2.pl> A simple mod_perl 2 program.
+
+=item * L<Example: outline.pl> An example of outlines and grouping.
+
+=item * L<Example: outline_collapsed.pl> An example of collapsed outlines.
+
+=item * L<Example: panes.pl> An examples of how to create panes.
+
+=item * L<Example: properties.pl> Add document properties to a workbook.
+
+=item * L<Example: protection.pl> Example of cell locking and formula hiding.
+
+=item * L<Example: repeat.pl> Example of writing repeated formulas.
+
+=item * L<Example: right_to_left.pl> Change default sheet direction to right to left.
+
+=item * L<Example: row_wrap.pl> How to wrap data from one worksheet onto another.
+
+=item * L<Example: sales.pl> An example of a simple sales spreadsheet.
+
+=item * L<Example: sendmail.pl> Send an Excel email attachment using Mail::Sender.
+
+=item * L<Example: stats_ext.pl> Same as stats.pl with external references.
+
+=item * L<Example: stocks.pl> Demonstrates conditional formatting.
+
+=item * L<Example: tab_colors.pl> Example of how to set worksheet tab colours.
+
+=item * L<Example: textwrap.pl> Demonstrates text wrapping options.
+
+=item * L<Example: win32ole.pl> A sample Win32::OLE example for comparison.
+
+=item * L<Example: write_arrays.pl> Example of writing 1D or 2D arrays of data.
+
+=item * L<Example: write_handler1.pl> Example of extending the write() method. Step 1.
+
+=item * L<Example: write_handler2.pl> Example of extending the write() method. Step 2.
+
+=item * L<Example: write_handler3.pl> Example of extending the write() method. Step 3.
+
+=item * L<Example: write_handler4.pl> Example of extending the write() method. Step 4.
+
+=item * L<Example: write_to_scalar.pl> Example of writing an Excel file to a Perl scalar.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_utf16.pl> Simple example of using Unicode UTF16 strings.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_utf16_japan.pl> Write Japanese Unicode strings using UTF-16.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_cyrillic.pl> Write Russian Cyrillic strings using UTF-8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_list.pl> List the chars in a Unicode font.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_2022_jp.pl> Japanese: ISO-2022-JP to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_8859_11.pl> Thai:     ISO-8859_11 to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_8859_7.pl> Greek:    ISO-8859_7  to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_big5.pl> Chinese:  BIG5        to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_cp1251.pl> Russian:  CP1251      to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_cp1256.pl> Arabic:   CP1256      to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_koi8r.pl> Russian:  KOI8-R      to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_polish_utf8.pl> Polish :  UTF8        to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: unicode_shift_jis.pl> Japanese: Shift JIS   to utf8 in perl 5.8.
+
+=item * L<Example: csv2xls.pl> Program to convert a CSV file to an Excel file.
+
+=item * L<Example: tab2xls.pl> Program to convert a tab separated file to xls.
+
+=item * L<Example: datecalc1.pl> Convert Unix/Perl time to Excel time.
+
+=item * L<Example: datecalc2.pl> Calculate an Excel date using Date::Calc.
+
+=item * L<Example: lecxe.pl> Convert Excel to WriteExcel using Win32::OLE.
+
+=item * L<Example: convertA1.pl> Helper functions for dealing with A1 notation.
+
+=item * L<Example: function_locale.pl> Add non-English function names to Formula.pm.
+
+=item * L<Example: writeA1.pl> Example of how to extend the module.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Example: a_simple.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to write
+some  text and numbers to an Excel binary file.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/a_simple.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from a_simple.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to write
+    # some  text and numbers to an Excel binary file.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook called simple.xls and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('a_simple.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # The general syntax is write($row, $column, $token). Note that row and
+    # column are zero indexed
+    #
+    
+    # Write some text
+    $worksheet->write(0, 0,  "Hi Excel!");
+    
+    
+    # Write some numbers
+    $worksheet->write(2, 0,  3);          # Writes 3
+    $worksheet->write(3, 0,  3.00000);    # Writes 3
+    $worksheet->write(4, 0,  3.00001);    # Writes 3.00001
+    $worksheet->write(5, 0,  3.14159);    # TeX revision no.?
+    
+    
+    # Write some formulas
+    $worksheet->write(7, 0,  '=A3 + A6');
+    $worksheet->write(8, 0,  '=IF(A5>3,"Yes", "No")');
+    
+    
+    # Write a hyperlink
+    $worksheet->write(10, 0, 'http://www.perl.com/');
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/a_simple.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: demo.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of some of the features of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+This program is used to create the project screenshot for Freshmeat:
+L<http://freshmeat.net/projects/writeexcel/>
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/demo.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from demo.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of some of the features of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # This program is used to create the project screenshot for Freshmeat:
+    # L<http://freshmeat.net/projects/writeexcel/>
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), October 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("demo.xls");
+    my $worksheet  = $workbook->add_worksheet('Demo');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Another sheet');
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('And another');
+    
+    my $bold       = $workbook->add_format(bold => 1);
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Write a general heading
+    #
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 36, $bold);
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:B', 20       );
+    $worksheet->set_row   (0,     40       );
+    
+    my $heading  = $workbook->add_format(
+                                            bold    => 1,
+                                            color   => 'blue',
+                                            size    => 16,
+                                            merge   => 1,
+                                            align  => 'vcenter',
+                                            );
+    
+    my @headings = ('Features of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel', '');
+    $worksheet->write_row('A1', \@headings, $heading);
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Some text examples
+    #
+    my $text_format  = $workbook->add_format(
+                                                bold    => 1,
+                                                italic  => 1,
+                                                color   => 'red',
+                                                size    => 18,
+                                                font    =>'Lucida Calligraphy'
+                                            );
+    
+    # A phrase in Cyrillic
+    my $unicode = pack "H*", "042d0442043e002004440440043004370430002004".
+                             "3d043000200440044304410441043a043e043c0021";
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A2', "Text");
+    $worksheet->write('B2', "Hello Excel");
+    $worksheet->write('A3', "Formatted text");
+    $worksheet->write('B3', "Hello Excel", $text_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A4', "Unicode text");
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('B4', $unicode);
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Some numeric examples
+    #
+    my $num1_format  = $workbook->add_format(num_format => '$#,##0.00');
+    my $num2_format  = $workbook->add_format(num_format => ' d mmmm yyy');
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A5', "Numbers");
+    $worksheet->write('B5', 1234.56);
+    $worksheet->write('A6', "Formatted numbers");
+    $worksheet->write('B6', 1234.56, $num1_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A7', "Formatted numbers");
+    $worksheet->write('B7', 37257, $num2_format);
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Formulae
+    #
+    $worksheet->set_selection('B8');
+    $worksheet->write('A8', 'Formulas and functions, "=SIN(PI()/4)"');
+    $worksheet->write('B8', '=SIN(PI()/4)');
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Hyperlinks
+    #
+    $worksheet->write('A9', "Hyperlinks");
+    $worksheet->write('B9',  'http://www.perl.com/' );
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Images
+    #
+    $worksheet->write('A10', "Images");
+    $worksheet->insert_image('B10', 'republic.png', 16, 8);
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Misc
+    #
+    $worksheet->write('A18', "Page/printer setup");
+    $worksheet->write('A19', "Multiple worksheets");
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/demo.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: regions.pl
+
+
+
+An example of how to use the Spreadsheet:WriteExcel module to write a basic
+Excel workbook with multiple worksheets.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/regions.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from regions.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # An example of how to use the Spreadsheet:WriteExcel module to write a basic
+    # Excel workbook with multiple worksheets.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new Excel workbook
+    my $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("regions.xls");
+    
+    # Add some worksheets
+    my $north = $workbook->add_worksheet("North");
+    my $south = $workbook->add_worksheet("South");
+    my $east  = $workbook->add_worksheet("East");
+    my $west  = $workbook->add_worksheet("West");
+    
+    # Add a Format
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+    $format->set_bold();
+    $format->set_color('blue');
+    
+    # Add a caption to each worksheet
+    foreach my $worksheet ($workbook->sheets()) {
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Sales", $format);
+    }
+    
+    # Write some data
+    $north->write(0, 1, 200000);
+    $south->write(0, 1, 100000);
+    $east->write (0, 1, 150000);
+    $west->write (0, 1, 100000);
+    
+    # Set the active worksheet
+    $south->activate();
+    
+    # Set the width of the first column
+    $south->set_column(0, 0, 20);
+    
+    # Set the active cell
+    $south->set_selection(0, 1);
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/regions.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: stats.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of how to use functions with the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+module.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/stats.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from stats.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of how to use functions with the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+    # module.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("stats.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Test data');
+    
+    # Set the column width for columns 1
+    $worksheet->set_column(0, 0, 20);
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the headings
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+    $format->set_bold();
+    
+    
+    # Write the sample data
+    $worksheet->write(0, 0, 'Sample', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 1, 1);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 2, 2);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 3, 3);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 4, 4);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 5, 5);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 6, 6);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 7, 7);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 8, 8);
+    
+    $worksheet->write(1, 0, 'Length', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 1, 25.4);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 2, 25.4);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 3, 24.8);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 4, 25.0);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 5, 25.3);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 6, 24.9);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 7, 25.2);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 8, 24.8);
+    
+    # Write some statistical functions
+    $worksheet->write(4,  0, 'Count', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(4,  1, '=COUNT(B1:I1)');
+    
+    $worksheet->write(5,  0, 'Sum', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(5,  1, '=SUM(B2:I2)');
+    
+    $worksheet->write(6,  0, 'Average', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(6,  1, '=AVERAGE(B2:I2)');
+    
+    $worksheet->write(7,  0, 'Min', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(7,  1, '=MIN(B2:I2)');
+    
+    $worksheet->write(8,  0, 'Max', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(8,  1, '=MAX(B2:I2)');
+    
+    $worksheet->write(9,  0, 'Standard Deviation', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(9,  1, '=STDEV(B2:I2)');
+    
+    $worksheet->write(10, 0, 'Kurtosis', $format);
+    $worksheet->write(10, 1, '=KURT(B2:I2)');
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/stats.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: formats.pl
+
+
+
+Examples of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+
+This program demonstrates almost all possible formatting options. It is worth
+running this program and viewing the output Excel file if you are interested
+in the various formatting possibilities.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/formats.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from formats.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Examples of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+    #
+    # This program demonstrates almost all possible formatting options. It is worth
+    # running this program and viewing the output Excel file if you are interested
+    # in the various formatting possibilities.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('formats.xls');
+    
+    # Some common formats
+    my $center  = $workbook->add_format(align => 'center');
+    my $heading = $workbook->add_format(align => 'center', bold => 1);
+    
+    # The named colors
+    my %colors = (
+                    0x08, 'black',
+                    0x0C, 'blue',
+                    0x10, 'brown',
+                    0x0F, 'cyan',
+                    0x17, 'gray',
+                    0x11, 'green',
+                    0x0B, 'lime',
+                    0x0E, 'magenta',
+                    0x12, 'navy',
+                    0x35, 'orange',
+                    0x21, 'pink',
+                    0x14, 'purple',
+                    0x0A, 'red',
+                    0x16, 'silver',
+                    0x09, 'white',
+                    0x0D, 'yellow',
+                 );
+    
+    # Call these subroutines to demonstrate different formatting options
+    intro();
+    fonts();
+    named_colors();
+    standard_colors();
+    numeric_formats();
+    borders();
+    patterns();
+    alignment();
+    misc();
+    
+    # Note: this is required
+    $workbook->close();
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Intro.
+    #
+    sub intro {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Introduction');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 0, 60);
+    
+        my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+        $format->set_bold();
+        $format->set_size(14);
+        $format->set_color('blue');
+        $format->set_align('center');
+    
+        my $format2 = $workbook->add_format();
+        $format2->set_bold();
+        $format2->set_color('blue');
+    
+        $worksheet->write(2, 0, 'This workbook demonstrates some of',  $format);
+        $worksheet->write(3, 0, 'the formatting options provided by',  $format);
+        $worksheet->write(4, 0, 'the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.', $format);
+    
+        $worksheet->write('A7',  'Sections:', $format2);
+        $worksheet->write('A8',  "internal:Fonts!A1",             'Fonts'          );
+        $worksheet->write('A9',  "internal:'Named colors'!A1",    'Named colors'   );
+        $worksheet->write('A10', "internal:'Standard colors'!A1", 'Standard colors');
+        $worksheet->write('A11', "internal:'Numeric formats'!A1", 'Numeric formats');
+        $worksheet->write('A12', "internal:Borders!A1",           'Borders'        );
+        $worksheet->write('A13', "internal:Patterns!A1",          'Patterns'       );
+        $worksheet->write('A14', "internal:Alignment!A1",         'Alignment'      );
+        $worksheet->write('A15', "internal:Miscellaneous!A1",     'Miscellaneous'  );
+    
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the named colors.
+    #
+    sub named_colors {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Named colors');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 3, 15);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 2, "Name",  $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 3, "Color", $heading);
+    
+        my $i = 1;
+    
+        while (my($index, $color) = each %colors) {
+            my $format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                                bg_color => $color,
+                                                pattern  => 1,
+                                                border   => 1
+                                             );
+    
+            $worksheet->write($i+1, 0, $index,                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write($i+1, 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $index), $center);
+            $worksheet->write($i+1, 2, $color,                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write($i+1, 3, '',                        $format);
+            $i++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard Excel colors in the range 8..63.
+    #
+    sub standard_colors {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Standard colors');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 3, 15);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 2, "Color", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 3, "Name",  $heading);
+    
+        for my $i (8..63) {
+            my $format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                                bg_color => $i,
+                                                pattern  => 1,
+                                                border   => 1
+                                             );
+    
+            $worksheet->write(($i -7), 0, $i,                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write(($i -7), 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $i), $center);
+            $worksheet->write(($i -7), 2, '',                    $format);
+    
+            # Add the  color names
+            if (exists $colors{$i}) {
+                $worksheet->write(($i -7), 3, $colors{$i}, $center);
+    
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard numeric formats.
+    #
+    sub numeric_formats {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Numeric formats');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 4, 15);
+        $worksheet->set_column(5, 5, 45);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Index",       $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, "Index",       $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 2, "Unformatted", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 3, "Formatted",   $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 4, "Negative",    $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 5, "Format",      $heading);
+    
+        my @formats;
+        push @formats, [ 0x00, 1234.567,   0,         'General' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x01, 1234.567,   0,         '0' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x02, 1234.567,   0,         '0.00' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x03, 1234.567,   0,         '#,##0' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x04, 1234.567,   0,         '#,##0.00' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x05, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '($#,##0_);($#,##0)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x06, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '($#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x07, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '($#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x08, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '($#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x09, 0.567,      0,         '0%' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x0a, 0.567,      0,         '0.00%' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x0b, 1234.567,   0,         '0.00E+00' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x0c, 0.75,       0,         '# ?/?' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x0d, 0.3125,     0,         '# ??/??' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x0e, 36892.521,  0,         'm/d/yy' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x0f, 36892.521,  0,         'd-mmm-yy' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x10, 36892.521,  0,         'd-mmm' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x11, 36892.521,  0,         'mmm-yy' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x12, 36892.521,  0,         'h:mm AM/PM' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x13, 36892.521,  0,         'h:mm:ss AM/PM' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x14, 36892.521,  0,         'h:mm' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x15, 36892.521,  0,         'h:mm:ss' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x16, 36892.521,  0,         'm/d/yy h:mm' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x25, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '(#,##0_);(#,##0)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x26, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '(#,##0_);[Red](#,##0)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x27, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '(#,##0.00_);(#,##0.00)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x28, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '(#,##0.00_);[Red](#,##0.00)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x29, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '_(* #,##0_);_(* (#,##0);_(* "-"_);_(@_)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x2a, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '_($* #,##0_);_($* (#,##0);_($* "-"_);_(@_)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x2b, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '_(* #,##0.00_);_(* (#,##0.00);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x2c, 1234.567,   -1234.567, '_($* #,##0.00_);_($* (#,##0.00);_($* "-"??_);_(@_)' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x2d, 36892.521,  0,         'mm:ss' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x2e, 3.0153,     0,         '[h]:mm:ss' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x2f, 36892.521,  0,         'mm:ss.0' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x30, 1234.567,   0,         '##0.0E+0' ];
+        push @formats, [ 0x31, 1234.567,   0,         '@' ];
+    
+        my $i;
+        foreach my $format (@formats){
+            my $style = $workbook->add_format();
+            $style->set_num_format($format->[0]);
+    
+            $i++;
+            $worksheet->write($i, 0, $format->[0],                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write($i, 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $format->[0]), $center);
+            $worksheet->write($i, 2, $format->[1],                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write($i, 3, $format->[1],                    $style);
+    
+            if ($format->[2]) {
+                $worksheet->write($i, 4, $format->[2], $style);
+            }
+    
+            $worksheet->write_string($i, 5, $format->[3]);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the font options.
+    #
+    sub fonts {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Fonts');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 0, 30);
+        $worksheet->set_column(1, 1, 10);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Font name",   $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, "Font size",   $heading);
+    
+        my @fonts;
+        push @fonts, [ 10, 'Arial' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Arial' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 14, 'Arial' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Arial Black' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Arial Narrow' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Century Schoolbook' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Courier' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Courier New' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Garamond' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Impact' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Lucida Handwriting'] ;
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Times New Roman' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Symbol' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'Wingdings' ];
+        push @fonts, [ 12, 'A font that doesn\'t exist' ];
+    
+        my $i;
+        foreach my $font (@fonts){
+            my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+    
+            $format->set_size($font->[0]);
+            $format->set_font($font->[1]);
+    
+            $i++;
+            $worksheet->write($i, 0, $font->[1], $format);
+            $worksheet->write($i, 1, $font->[0], $format);
+        }
+    
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard Excel border styles.
+    #
+    sub borders {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Borders');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 4, 10);
+        $worksheet->set_column(5, 5, 40);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 3, "Style", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 5, "The style is highlighted in red for ", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(1, 5, "emphasis, the default color is black.", $heading);
+    
+        for my $i (0..13){
+            my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+            $format->set_border($i);
+            $format->set_border_color('red');
+            $format->set_align('center');
+    
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 0, $i,                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $i), $center);
+    
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 3, "Border", $format);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet->write(30, 0, "Diag type", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(30, 1, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(30, 3, "Style", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(30, 5, "Diagonal Boder styles", $heading);
+    
+        for my $i (1..3){
+            my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+            $format->set_diag_type($i);
+            $format->set_diag_border(1);
+            $format->set_diag_color('red');
+            $format->set_align('center');
+    
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+15)), 0, $i,                     $center);
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+15)), 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $i),  $center);
+    
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+15)), 3, "Border", $format);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard Excel cell patterns.
+    #
+    sub patterns {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Patterns');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 4, 10);
+        $worksheet->set_column(5, 5, 50);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, "Index", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 3, "Pattern", $heading);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 5, "The background colour has been set to silver.", $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(1, 5, "The foreground colour has been set to green.",  $heading);
+    
+        for my $i (0..18){
+            my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+    
+            $format->set_pattern($i);
+            $format->set_bg_color('silver');
+            $format->set_fg_color('green');
+            $format->set_align('center');
+    
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 0, $i,                    $center);
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $i), $center);
+    
+            $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 3, "Pattern", $format);
+    
+            if ($i == 1) {
+                $worksheet->write((2*($i+1)), 5, "This is solid colour, the most useful pattern.", $heading);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard Excel cell alignments.
+    #
+    sub alignment {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Alignment');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 7, 12);
+        $worksheet->set_row(0, 40);
+        $worksheet->set_selection(7, 0);
+    
+        my $format01 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format02 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format03 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format04 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format05 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format06 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format07 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format08 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format09 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format10 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format11 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format12 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format13 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format14 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format15 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format16 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format17 = $workbook->add_format();
+    
+        $format02->set_align('top');
+        $format03->set_align('bottom');
+        $format04->set_align('vcenter');
+        $format05->set_align('vjustify');
+        $format06->set_text_wrap();
+    
+        $format07->set_align('left');
+        $format08->set_align('right');
+        $format09->set_align('center');
+        $format10->set_align('fill');
+        $format11->set_align('justify');
+        $format12->set_merge();
+    
+        $format13->set_rotation(45);
+        $format14->set_rotation(-45);
+        $format15->set_rotation(270);
+    
+        $format16->set_shrink();
+        $format17->set_indent(1);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, 'Vertical',     $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 1, 'top',          $format02);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 2, 'bottom',       $format03);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 3, 'vcenter',      $format04);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 4, 'vjustify',     $format05);
+        $worksheet->write(0, 5, "text\nwrap",   $format06);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(2, 0, 'Horizontal',   $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(2, 1, 'left',         $format07);
+        $worksheet->write(2, 2, 'right',        $format08);
+        $worksheet->write(2, 3, 'center',       $format09);
+        $worksheet->write(2, 4, 'fill',         $format10);
+        $worksheet->write(2, 5, 'justify',      $format11);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(3, 1, 'merge',        $format12);
+        $worksheet->write(3, 2, '',             $format12);
+    
+        $worksheet->write(3, 3, 'Shrink ' x 3,  $format16);
+        $worksheet->write(3, 4, 'Indent',       $format17);
+    
+    
+        $worksheet->write(5, 0, 'Rotation',     $heading);
+        $worksheet->write(5, 1, 'Rotate 45',    $format13);
+        $worksheet->write(6, 1, 'Rotate -45',   $format14);
+        $worksheet->write(7, 1, 'Rotate 270',   $format15);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate other miscellaneous features.
+    #
+    sub misc {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Miscellaneous');
+    
+        $worksheet->set_column(2, 2, 25);
+    
+        my $format01 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format02 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format03 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format04 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format05 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format06 = $workbook->add_format();
+        my $format07 = $workbook->add_format();
+    
+        $format01->set_underline(0x01);
+        $format02->set_underline(0x02);
+        $format03->set_underline(0x21);
+        $format04->set_underline(0x22);
+        $format05->set_font_strikeout();
+        $format06->set_font_outline();
+        $format07->set_font_shadow();
+    
+        $worksheet->write(1,  2, 'Underline  0x01',          $format01);
+        $worksheet->write(3,  2, 'Underline  0x02',          $format02);
+        $worksheet->write(5,  2, 'Underline  0x21',          $format03);
+        $worksheet->write(7,  2, 'Underline  0x22',          $format04);
+        $worksheet->write(9,  2, 'Strikeout',                $format05);
+        $worksheet->write(11, 2, 'Outline (Macintosh only)', $format06);
+        $worksheet->write(13, 2, 'Shadow (Macintosh only)',  $format07);
+    }
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/formats.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: bug_report.pl
+
+
+
+A template for submitting a bug report.
+
+Run this program and read the output from the command line.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A template for submitting a bug report.
+    #
+    # Run this program and read the output from the command line.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    
+    print << 'HINTS_1';
+    
+    REPORTING A BUG OR ASKING A QUESTION
+    
+        Feel free to report bugs or ask questions. However, to save time
+        consider the following steps first:
+    
+        Read the documentation:
+    
+            The Spreadsheet::WriteExcel documentation has been refined in
+            response to user questions. Therefore, if you have a question it is
+            possible that someone else has asked it before you and that it is
+            already addressed in the documentation. Since there is a lot of
+            documentation to get through you should at least read the table of
+            contents and search for keywords that you are interested in.
+    
+        Look at the example programs:
+    
+            There are over 70 example programs shipped with the standard
+            Spreadsheet::WriteExcel distribution. Many of these were created in
+            response to user questions. Try to identify an example program that
+            corresponds to your query and adapt it to your needs.
+    
+    HINTS_1
+    print "Press enter ..."; <STDIN>;
+    
+    print << 'HINTS_2';
+    
+        If you submit a bug report here are some pointers.
+    
+        1.  Put "WriteExcel:" at the beginning of the subject line. This helps
+            to filter genuine messages from spam.
+    
+        2.  Describe the problems as clearly and as concisely as possible.
+    
+        3.  Send a sample program. It is often easier to describe a problem in
+            code than in written prose.
+    
+        4.  The sample program should be as small as possible to demonstrate the
+            problem. Don't copy and past large sections of your program. The
+            program should also be self contained and working.
+    
+        A sample bug report is generated below. If you use this format then it
+        will help to analyse your question and respond to it more quickly.
+    
+        Please don't send patches without contacting the author first.
+    
+    
+    HINTS_2
+    print "Press enter ..."; <STDIN>;
+    
+    
+    print << 'EMAIL';
+    
+    =======================================================================
+    
+    To:      John McNamara <jmcnamara@cpan.org>
+    Subject: WriteExcel: Problem with something.
+    
+    Hi John,
+    
+    I am using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and I have encountered a problem. I
+    want it to do SOMETHING but the module appears to do SOMETHING_ELSE.
+    
+    Here is some code that demonstrates the problem.
+    
+        #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+        use strict;
+        use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+        my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("reload.xls");
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Hi Excel!");
+    
+        __END__
+    
+    
+    I tested using Excel XX (or Gnumeric or OpenOffice.org).
+    
+    My automatically generated system details are as follows:
+    EMAIL
+    
+    
+    print "\n    Perl version   : $]";
+    print "\n    OS name        : $^O";
+    print "\n    Module versions: (not all are required)\n";
+    
+    
+    my @modules = qw(
+                      Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+                      Spreadsheet::ParseExcel
+                      OLE::Storage_Lite
+                      Parse::RecDescent
+                      File::Temp
+                      Digest::MD4
+                      Digest::Perl::MD4
+                      Digest::MD5
+                    );
+    
+    
+    for my $module (@modules) {
+        my $version;
+        eval "require $module";
+    
+        if (not $@) {
+            $version = $module->VERSION;
+            $version = '(unknown)' if not defined $version;
+        }
+        else {
+            $version = '(not installed)';
+        }
+    
+        printf "%21s%-24s\t%s\n", "", $module, $version;
+    }
+    
+    
+    print << "BYE";
+    Yours etc.,
+    
+    A. Person
+    --
+    
+    BYE
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/bug_report.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: autofilter.pl
+
+
+
+An example of how to create autofilters with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+An autofilter is a way of adding drop down lists to the headers of a 2D range
+of worksheet data. This is turn allow users to filter the data based on
+simple criteria so that some data is shown and some is hidden.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/autofilter.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from autofilter.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # An example of how to create autofilters with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # An autofilter is a way of adding drop down lists to the headers of a 2D range
+    # of worksheet data. This is turn allow users to filter the data based on
+    # simple criteria so that some data is shown and some is hidden.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2007, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('autofilter.xls');
+    
+    die "Couldn't create new Excel file: $!.\n" unless defined $workbook;
+    
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet5 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet6 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    my $bold       = $workbook->add_format(bold => 1);
+    
+    
+    # Extract the data embedded at the end of this file.
+    my @headings = split ' ', <DATA>;
+    my @data;
+    push @data, [split] while <DATA>;
+    
+    
+    # Set up several sheets with the same data.
+    for my $worksheet ($workbook->sheets()) {
+        $worksheet->set_column('A:D', 12);
+        $worksheet->set_row(0, 20, $bold);
+        $worksheet->write('A1', \@headings);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. Autofilter without conditions.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet1->autofilter('A1:D51');
+    $worksheet1->write('A2', [[@data]]);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 2. Autofilter with a filter condition in the first column.
+    #
+    
+    # The range in this example is the same as above but in row-column notation.
+    $worksheet2->autofilter(0, 0, 50, 3);
+    
+    # The placeholder "Region" in the filter is ignored and can be any string
+    # that adds clarity to the expression.
+    #
+    $worksheet2->filter_column(0, 'Region eq East');
+    
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    my $row = 1;
+    
+    for my $row_data (@data) {
+        my $region = $row_data->[0];
+    
+        if ($region eq 'East') {
+            # Row is visible.
+        }
+        else {
+            # Hide row.
+            $worksheet2->set_row($row, undef, undef, 1);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet2->write($row++, 0, $row_data);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 3. Autofilter with a dual filter condition in one of the columns.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet3->autofilter('A1:D51');
+    
+    $worksheet3->filter_column('A', 'x eq East or x eq South');
+    
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    $row = 1;
+    
+    for my $row_data (@data) {
+        my $region = $row_data->[0];
+    
+        if ($region eq 'East' or $region eq 'South') {
+            # Row is visible.
+        }
+        else {
+            # Hide row.
+            $worksheet3->set_row($row, undef, undef, 1);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet3->write($row++, 0, $row_data);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 4. Autofilter with filter conditions in two columns.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet4->autofilter('A1:D51');
+    
+    $worksheet4->filter_column('A', 'x eq East');
+    $worksheet4->filter_column('C', 'x > 3000 and x < 8000' );
+    
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    $row = 1;
+    
+    for my $row_data (@data) {
+        my $region = $row_data->[0];
+        my $volume = $row_data->[2];
+    
+        if ($region eq 'East' and
+            $volume >  3000   and $volume < 8000
+        )
+        {
+            # Row is visible.
+        }
+        else {
+            # Hide row.
+            $worksheet4->set_row($row, undef, undef, 1);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet4->write($row++, 0, $row_data);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 5. Autofilter with filter for blanks.
+    #
+    
+    # Create a blank cell in our test data.
+    $data[5]->[0] = '';
+    
+    
+    $worksheet5->autofilter('A1:D51');
+    $worksheet5->filter_column('A', 'x == Blanks');
+    
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    $row = 1;
+    
+    for my $row_data (@data) {
+        my $region = $row_data->[0];
+    
+        if ($region eq '')
+        {
+            # Row is visible.
+        }
+        else {
+            # Hide row.
+            $worksheet5->set_row($row, undef, undef, 1);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet5->write($row++, 0, $row_data);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    #
+    # Example 6. Autofilter with filter for non-blanks.
+    #
+    
+    
+    $worksheet6->autofilter('A1:D51');
+    $worksheet6->filter_column('A', 'x == NonBlanks');
+    
+    #
+    # Hide the rows that don't match the filter criteria.
+    #
+    $row = 1;
+    
+    for my $row_data (@data) {
+        my $region = $row_data->[0];
+    
+        if ($region ne '')
+        {
+            # Row is visible.
+        }
+        else {
+            # Hide row.
+            $worksheet6->set_row($row, undef, undef, 1);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet6->write($row++, 0, $row_data);
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    __DATA__
+    Region    Item      Volume    Month
+    East      Apple     9000      July
+    East      Apple     5000      July
+    South     Orange    9000      September
+    North     Apple     2000      November
+    West      Apple     9000      November
+    South     Pear      7000      October
+    North     Pear      9000      August
+    West      Orange    1000      December
+    West      Grape     1000      November
+    South     Pear      10000     April
+    West      Grape     6000      January
+    South     Orange    3000      May
+    North     Apple     3000      December
+    South     Apple     7000      February
+    West      Grape     1000      December
+    East      Grape     8000      February
+    South     Grape     10000     June
+    West      Pear      7000      December
+    South     Apple     2000      October
+    East      Grape     7000      December
+    North     Grape     6000      April
+    East      Pear      8000      February
+    North     Apple     7000      August
+    North     Orange    7000      July
+    North     Apple     6000      June
+    South     Grape     8000      September
+    West      Apple     3000      October
+    South     Orange    10000     November
+    West      Grape     4000      July
+    North     Orange    5000      August
+    East      Orange    1000      November
+    East      Orange    4000      October
+    North     Grape     5000      August
+    East      Apple     1000      December
+    South     Apple     10000     March
+    East      Grape     7000      October
+    West      Grape     1000      September
+    East      Grape     10000     October
+    South     Orange    8000      March
+    North     Apple     4000      July
+    South     Orange    5000      July
+    West      Apple     4000      June
+    East      Apple     5000      April
+    North     Pear      3000      August
+    East      Grape     9000      November
+    North     Orange    8000      October
+    East      Apple     10000     June
+    South     Pear      1000      December
+    North     Grape     10000     July
+    East      Grape     6000      February
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/autofilter.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: autofit.pl
+
+
+
+Simulate Excel's autofit for column widths.
+
+Excel provides a function called Autofit (Format->Columns->Autofit) that
+adjusts column widths to match the length of the longest string in a column.
+Excel calculates these widths at run time when it has access to information
+about string lengths and font information. This function is *not* a feature
+of the file format and thus cannot be implemented by Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+However, we can make an attempt to simulate it by keeping track of the
+longest string written to each column and then adjusting the column widths
+prior to closing the file.
+
+We keep track of the longest strings by adding a handler to the write()
+function. See add_handler() in the S::WE docs for more information.
+
+The main problem with trying to simulate Autofit lies in defining a
+relationship between a string length and its width in a arbitrary font and
+size. We use two approaches below. The first is a simple direct relationship
+obtained by trial and error. The second is a slightly more sophisticated
+method using an external module. For more complicated applications you will
+probably have to work out your own methods.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/autofit.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from autofit.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # Simulate Excel's autofit for column widths.
+    #
+    # Excel provides a function called Autofit (Format->Columns->Autofit) that
+    # adjusts column widths to match the length of the longest string in a column.
+    # Excel calculates these widths at run time when it has access to information
+    # about string lengths and font information. This function is *not* a feature
+    # of the file format and thus cannot be implemented by Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # However, we can make an attempt to simulate it by keeping track of the
+    # longest string written to each column and then adjusting the column widths
+    # prior to closing the file.
+    #
+    # We keep track of the longest strings by adding a handler to the write()
+    # function. See add_handler() in the S::WE docs for more information.
+    #
+    # The main problem with trying to simulate Autofit lies in defining a
+    # relationship between a string length and its width in a arbitrary font and
+    # size. We use two approaches below. The first is a simple direct relationship
+    # obtained by trial and error. The second is a slightly more sophisticated
+    # method using an external module. For more complicated applications you will
+    # probably have to work out your own methods.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2006, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook    = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('autofit.xls');
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Add a handler to store the width of the longest string written to a column.
+    # We use the stored width to simulate an autofit of the column widths.
+    #
+    # You should do this for every worksheet you want to autofit.
+    #
+    $worksheet->add_write_handler(qr[\w], \&store_string_widths);
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A1', 'Hello');
+    $worksheet->write('B1', 'Hello World');
+    $worksheet->write('D1', 'Hello');
+    $worksheet->write('F1', 'This is a long string as an example.');
+    
+    # Run the autofit after you have finished writing strings to the workbook.
+    autofit_columns($worksheet);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Functions used for Autofit.
+    #
+    ###############################################################################
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Adjust the column widths to fit the longest string in the column.
+    #
+    sub autofit_columns {
+    
+        my $worksheet = shift;
+        my $col       = 0;
+    
+        for my $width (@{$worksheet->{__col_widths}}) {
+    
+            $worksheet->set_column($col, $col, $width) if $width;
+            $col++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # The following function is a callback that was added via add_write_handler()
+    # above. It modifies the write() function so that it stores the maximum
+    # unwrapped width of a string in a column.
+    #
+    sub store_string_widths {
+    
+        my $worksheet = shift;
+        my $col       = $_[1];
+        my $token     = $_[2];
+    
+        # Ignore some tokens that we aren't interested in.
+        return if not defined $token;       # Ignore undefs.
+        return if $token eq '';             # Ignore blank cells.
+        return if ref $token eq 'ARRAY';    # Ignore array refs.
+        return if $token =~ /^=/;           # Ignore formula
+    
+        # Ignore numbers
+        return if $token =~ /^([+-]?)(?=\d|\.\d)\d*(\.\d*)?([Ee]([+-]?\d+))?$/;
+    
+        # Ignore various internal and external hyperlinks. In a real scenario
+        # you may wish to track the length of the optional strings used with
+        # urls.
+        return if $token =~ m{^[fh]tt?ps?://};
+        return if $token =~ m{^mailto:};
+        return if $token =~ m{^(?:in|ex)ternal:};
+    
+    
+        # We store the string width as data in the Worksheet object. We use
+        # a double underscore key name to avoid conflicts with future names.
+        #
+        my $old_width    = $worksheet->{__col_widths}->[$col];
+        my $string_width = string_width($token);
+    
+        if (not defined $old_width or $string_width > $old_width) {
+            # You may wish to set a minimum column width as follows.
+            #return undef if $string_width < 10;
+    
+            $worksheet->{__col_widths}->[$col] = $string_width;
+        }
+    
+    
+        # Return control to write();
+        return undef;
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Very simple conversion between string length and string width for Arial 10.
+    # See below for a more sophisticated method.
+    #
+    sub string_width {
+    
+        return 0.9 * length $_[0];
+    }
+    
+    __END__
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This function uses an external module to get a more accurate width for a
+    # string. Note that in a real program you could "use" the module instead of
+    # "require"-ing it and you could make the Font object global to avoid repeated
+    # initialisation.
+    #
+    # Note also that the $pixel_width to $cell_width is specific to Arial. For
+    # other fonts you should calculate appropriate relationships. A future version
+    # of S::WE will provide a way of specifying column widths in pixels instead of
+    # cell units in order to simplify this conversion.
+    #
+    sub string_width {
+    
+        require Font::TTFMetrics;
+    
+        my $arial        = Font::TTFMetrics->new('c:\windows\fonts\arial.ttf');
+    
+        my $font_size    = 10;
+        my $dpi          = 96;
+        my $units_per_em = $arial->get_units_per_em();
+        my $font_width   = $arial->string_width($_[0]);
+    
+        # Convert to pixels as per TTFMetrics docs.
+        my $pixel_width  = 6 + $font_width *$font_size *$dpi /(72 *$units_per_em);
+    
+        # Add extra pixels for border around text.
+        $pixel_width  += 6;
+    
+        # Convert to cell width (for Arial) and for cell widths > 1.
+        my $cell_width   = ($pixel_width -5) /7;
+    
+        return $cell_width;
+    
+    }
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/autofit.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: bigfile.pl
+
+
+
+Example of creating a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel that is larger than the
+default 7MB limit.
+
+This is exactly that same as any other Spreadsheet::WriteExcel program except
+that is requires that the OLE::Storage module is installed.
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/bigfile.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from bigfile.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of creating a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel that is larger than the
+    # default 7MB limit.
+    #
+    # This is exactly that same as any other Spreadsheet::WriteExcel program except
+    # that is requires that the OLE::Storage module is installed.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), Jan 2007, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('bigfile.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet->set_column(0, 50, 18);
+    
+    for my $col (0 .. 50) {
+        for my $row (0 .. 6000) {
+            $worksheet->write($row, $col, "Row: $row Col: $col");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/bigfile.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: cgi.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to send an Excel
+file to a browser in a CGI program.
+
+On Windows the hash-bang line should be something like:
+
+    #!C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe
+
+The "Content-Disposition" line will cause a prompt to be generated to save
+the file. If you want to stream the file to the browser instead, comment out
+that line as shown below.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to send an Excel
+    # file to a browser in a CGI program.
+    #
+    # On Windows the hash-bang line should be something like:
+    #
+    #     #!C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe
+    #
+    # The "Content-Disposition" line will cause a prompt to be generated to save
+    # the file. If you want to stream the file to the browser instead, comment out
+    # that line as shown below.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Set the filename and send the content type
+    my $filename ="cgitest.xls";
+    
+    print "Content-type: application/vnd.ms-excel\n";
+    # The Content-Disposition will generate a prompt to save the file. If you want
+    # to stream the file to the browser, comment out the following line.
+    print "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$filename\n";
+    print "\n";
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet. The special Perl filehandle - will
+    # redirect the output to STDOUT
+    #
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("-");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Set the column width for column 1
+    $worksheet->set_column(0, 0, 20);
+    
+    
+    # Create a format
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+    $format->set_bold();
+    $format->set_size(15);
+    $format->set_color('blue');
+    
+    
+    # Write to the workbook
+    $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Hi Excel!", $format);
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/cgi.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_area.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Area charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_area.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_area.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Area charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2009, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_area.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
+    
+    # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
+    my $headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ];
+    my $data = [
+        [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+        [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+        [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ],
+    ];
+    
+    $worksheet->write( 'A1', $headings, $bold );
+    $worksheet->write( 'A2', $data );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A minimal chart.
+    #
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'area' );
+    
+    # Add values only. Use the default categories.
+    $chart1->add_series( values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+    #            and a series name.
+    #
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'area' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+    #
+    my $chart3 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'area' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart3->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart3->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart3->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart3->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series and with a
+    #            user specified chart sheet name.
+    #
+    my $chart4 = $workbook->add_chart( name => 'Results Chart', type => 'area' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add another series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 2',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart4->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart4->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart4->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    my $chart5 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'area', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart5->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart5->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart5->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart5->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart5 );
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_area.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_bar.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Bar charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_bar.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_bar.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Bar charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2009, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_bar.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
+    
+    # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
+    my $headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ];
+    my $data = [
+        [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+        [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+        [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ],
+    ];
+    
+    $worksheet->write( 'A1', $headings, $bold );
+    $worksheet->write( 'A2', $data );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A minimal chart.
+    #
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'bar' );
+    
+    # Add values only. Use the default categories.
+    $chart1->add_series( values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+    #            and a series name.
+    #
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'bar' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+    #
+    my $chart3 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'bar' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart3->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart3->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart3->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart3->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series and with a
+    #            user specified chart sheet name.
+    #
+    my $chart4 = $workbook->add_chart( name => 'Results Chart', type => 'bar' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add another series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 2',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart4->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart4->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart4->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    my $chart5 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'bar', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart5->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart5->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart5->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart5->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart5 );
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_bar.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_column.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Column charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_column.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_column.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Column charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2009, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_column.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
+    
+    # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
+    my $headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ];
+    my $data = [
+        [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+        [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+        [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ],
+    ];
+    
+    $worksheet->write( 'A1', $headings, $bold );
+    $worksheet->write( 'A2', $data );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A minimal chart.
+    #
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'column' );
+    
+    # Add values only. Use the default categories.
+    $chart1->add_series( values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+    #            and a series name.
+    #
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'column' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+    #
+    my $chart3 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'column' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart3->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart3->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart3->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart3->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series and with a
+    #            user specified chart sheet name.
+    #
+    my $chart4 = $workbook->add_chart( name => 'Results Chart', type => 'column' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add another series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 2',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart4->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart4->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart4->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    my $chart5 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'column', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart5->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart5->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart5->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart5->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart5 );
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_column.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_line.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Line charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_line.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_line.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Line charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2009, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_line.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
+    
+    # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
+    my $headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ];
+    my $data = [
+        [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+        [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+        [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ],
+    ];
+    
+    $worksheet->write( 'A1', $headings, $bold );
+    $worksheet->write( 'A2', $data );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A minimal chart.
+    #
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line' );
+    
+    # Add values only. Use the default categories.
+    $chart1->add_series( values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+    #            and a series name.
+    #
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+    #
+    my $chart3 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart3->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart3->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart3->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart3->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series and with a
+    #            user specified chart sheet name.
+    #
+    my $chart4 = $workbook->add_chart( name => 'Results Chart', type => 'line' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add another series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 2',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart4->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart4->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart4->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    my $chart5 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart5->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart5->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart5->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart5->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart5 );
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_line.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_pie.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Pie charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_pie.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_pie.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Pie charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2009, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_pie.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
+    
+    # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
+    my $headings = [ 'Category', 'Values' ];
+    my $data = [
+        [ 'Apple', 'Cherry', 'Pecan' ],
+        [ 60,       30,       10     ],
+    ];
+    
+    $worksheet->write( 'A1', $headings, $bold );
+    $worksheet->write( 'A2', $data );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A minimal chart.
+    #
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'pie' );
+    
+    # Add values only. Use the default categories.
+    $chart1->add_series( values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories and a series name.
+    #
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'pie' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$4',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4',
+        name       => 'Pie sales data',
+    );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Same as previous chart but with an added title.
+    #
+    my $chart3 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'pie' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart3->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$4',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4',
+        name       => 'Pie sales data',
+    );
+    
+    # Add a title.
+    $chart3->set_title( name => 'Popular Pie Types' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Same as previous chart with a user specified chart sheet name.
+    #
+    my $chart4 = $workbook->add_chart( name => 'Results Chart', type => 'pie' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$4',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4',
+        name       => 'Pie sales data',
+    );
+    
+    # The other chart_*.pl examples add a second series in example 4 but additional
+    # series aren't plotted in a pie chart.
+    
+    # Add a title.
+    $chart4->set_title( name => 'Popular Pie Types' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    my $chart5 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'pie', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart5->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$4',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$4',
+        name       => 'Pie sales data',
+    );
+    
+    # Add a title.
+    $chart5->set_title( name => 'Popular Pie Types' );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'D2', $chart5 );
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_pie.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_scatter.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Scatter charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_scatter.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_scatter.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Scatter charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2009, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_scatter.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
+    
+    # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
+    my $headings = [ 'Category', 'Values 1', 'Values 2' ];
+    my $data = [
+        [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ],
+        [ 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5 ],
+        [ 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3 ],
+    ];
+    
+    $worksheet->write( 'A1', $headings, $bold );
+    $worksheet->write( 'A2', $data );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A minimal chart.
+    #
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'scatter' );
+    
+    # Add values only. Use the default categories.
+    $chart1->add_series( values => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. A minimal chart with user specified categories (X axis)
+    #            and a series name.
+    #
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'scatter' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Same as previous chart but with added title and axes labels.
+    #
+    my $chart3 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'scatter' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart3->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart3->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart3->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart3->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Same as previous chart but with an added series and with a
+    #            user specified chart sheet name.
+    #
+    my $chart4 = $workbook->add_chart( name => 'Results Chart', type => 'scatter' );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add another series.
+    $chart4->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 2',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart4->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart4->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart4->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Same as Example 3 but as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    my $chart5 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'scatter', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Configure the series.
+    $chart5->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
+        name       => 'Test data series 1',
+    );
+    
+    # Add some labels.
+    $chart5->set_title( name => 'Results of sample analysis' );
+    $chart5->set_x_axis( name => 'Sample number' );
+    $chart5->set_y_axis( name => 'Sample length (cm)' );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart5 );
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_scatter.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chart_stock.pl
+
+
+
+A simple demo of Stock charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chart_stock.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chart_stock.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple demo of Stock charts in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), January 2010, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new( 'chart_stock.xls' );
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Set up the data worksheet that the charts will refer to. We read the example
+    # data from the __DATA__ section at the end of the file. This simulates
+    # reading the data from a database or other source.
+    #
+    # The default Excel Stock chart is an Open-High-Low-Close chart. Therefore
+    # we will need data for each of those series.
+    #
+    # The layout of the __DATA__ section is similar to the layout of the worksheet.
+    #
+    
+    # Add some formats.
+    my $bold        = $workbook->add_format( bold       => 1 );
+    my $date_format = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'dd/mm/yyyy' );
+    
+    # Increase the width of the column used for date to make it clearer.
+    $worksheet->set_column( 'A:A', 12 );
+    
+    # Read the data from the __DATA__ section at the end. In a real example this
+    # would probably be a database query.
+    my @stock_data;
+    
+    while ( <DATA> ) {
+        next unless /\S/;    # Skip blank lines.
+        next if /^#/;        # Skip comments.
+    
+        push @stock_data, [split];
+    }
+    
+    # Write the data to the worksheet.
+    my $row = 0;
+    my $col = 0;
+    
+    my $headers = shift @stock_data;
+    $worksheet->write( $row++, $col, $headers, $bold );
+    
+    for my $stock_data ( @stock_data ) {
+    
+        my @data = @$stock_data;
+        my $date = shift @data;
+    
+        $worksheet->write( $row, $col, $date, $date_format );
+        $worksheet->write( $row, $col + 1, \@data );
+    
+        $row++;
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. A default Open-High-Low-Close chart with series names, axes labels
+    #            and a title.
+    #
+    
+    my $chart1 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'stock' );
+    
+    # Add a series for each of the Open-High-Low-Close columns. The categories are
+    # the dates in the first column.
+    
+    $chart1->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$10',
+        name       => 'Open',
+    );
+    
+    $chart1->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$10',
+        name       => 'High',
+    );
+    
+    $chart1->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$D$2:$D$10',
+        name       => 'Low',
+    );
+    
+    $chart1->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$E$2:$E$10',
+        name       => 'Close',
+    );
+    
+    # Add a chart title and axes labels.
+    $chart1->set_title( name => 'Open-High-Low-Close', );
+    $chart1->set_x_axis( name => 'Date', );
+    $chart1->set_y_axis( name => 'Share price', );
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. Same as the previous as an embedded chart.
+    #
+    
+    my $chart2 = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'stock', embedded => 1 );
+    
+    # Add a series for each of the Open-High-Low-Close columns. The categories are
+    # the dates in the first column.
+    
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$10',
+        name       => 'Open',
+    );
+    
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$10',
+        name       => 'High',
+    );
+    
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$D$2:$D$10',
+        name       => 'Low',
+    );
+    
+    $chart2->add_series(
+        categories => '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$10',
+        values     => '=Sheet1!$E$2:$E$10',
+        name       => 'Close',
+    );
+    
+    # Add a chart title and axes labels.
+    $chart2->set_title( name => 'Open-High-Low-Close', );
+    $chart2->set_x_axis( name => 'Date', );
+    $chart2->set_y_axis( name => 'Share price', );
+    
+    # Insert the chart into the main worksheet.
+    $worksheet->insert_chart( 'G2', $chart2 );
+    
+    
+    __DATA__
+    # Some sample stock data used for charting.
+    Date        Open    High    Low     Close
+    2009-08-19  100.00  104.06  95.96   100.34
+    2009-08-20  101.01  109.08  100.50  108.31
+    2009-08-23  110.75  113.48  109.05  109.40
+    2009-08-24  111.24  111.60  103.57  104.87
+    2009-08-25  104.96  108.00  103.88  106.00
+    2009-08-26  104.95  107.95  104.66  107.91
+    2009-08-27  108.10  108.62  105.69  106.15
+    2009-08-30  105.28  105.49  102.01  102.01
+    2009-08-31  102.30  103.71  102.16  102.37
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chart_stock.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: chess.pl
+
+
+
+Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module via
+property hashes.
+
+Setting format properties via hashes of values is useful when you have
+to deal with a large number of similar formats. Consider for example a
+chess board pattern with black squares, white unformatted squares and
+a border.
+
+This relatively simple example requires 14 separate Format
+objects although there are only 5 different properties: black
+background, top border, bottom border, left border and right border.
+
+Using property hashes it is possible to define these 5 sets of
+properties and then add them together to create the 14 Format
+configurations.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/chess.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from chess.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ########################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module via
+    # property hashes.
+    #
+    # Setting format properties via hashes of values is useful when you have
+    # to deal with a large number of similar formats. Consider for example a
+    # chess board pattern with black squares, white unformatted squares and
+    # a border.
+    #
+    # This relatively simple example requires 14 separate Format
+    # objects although there are only 5 different properties: black
+    # background, top border, bottom border, left border and right border.
+    #
+    # Using property hashes it is possible to define these 5 sets of
+    # properties and then add them together to create the 14 Format
+    # configurations.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), July 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("chess.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Some row and column formatting
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:I', 10);
+    
+    for my $i (1..8) {
+        $worksheet->set_row($i, 50);
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Define the property hashes
+    #
+    my %black = (
+                    'fg_color'  => 'black',
+                    'pattern'   => 1,
+                );
+    
+    my %top     = ( 'top'    => 6 );
+    my %bottom  = ( 'bottom' => 6 );
+    my %left    = ( 'left'   => 6 );
+    my %right   = ( 'right'  => 6 );
+    
+    
+    # Define the formats
+    #
+    my $format01 = $workbook->add_format(%top,    %left          );
+    my $format02 = $workbook->add_format(%top,    %black         );
+    my $format03 = $workbook->add_format(%top,                   );
+    my $format04 = $workbook->add_format(%top,    %right, %black );
+    
+    my $format05 = $workbook->add_format(%left                   );
+    my $format06 = $workbook->add_format(%black                  );
+    my $format07 = $workbook->add_format(                        );
+    my $format08 = $workbook->add_format(%right,  %black         );
+    my $format09 = $workbook->add_format(%right                  );
+    my $format10 = $workbook->add_format(%left,   %black         );
+    
+    my $format11 = $workbook->add_format(%bottom, %left,  %black );
+    my $format12 = $workbook->add_format(%bottom                 );
+    my $format13 = $workbook->add_format(%bottom, %black         );
+    my $format14 = $workbook->add_format(%bottom, %right         );
+    
+    
+    # Draw the pattern
+    $worksheet->write('B2', '', $format01);
+    $worksheet->write('C2', '', $format02);
+    $worksheet->write('D2', '', $format03);
+    $worksheet->write('E2', '', $format02);
+    $worksheet->write('F2', '', $format03);
+    $worksheet->write('G2', '', $format02);
+    $worksheet->write('H2', '', $format03);
+    $worksheet->write('I2', '', $format04);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B3', '', $format10);
+    $worksheet->write('C3', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('D3', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('E3', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('F3', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('G3', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('H3', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('I3', '', $format09);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B4', '', $format05);
+    $worksheet->write('C4', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('D4', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('E4', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('F4', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('G4', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('H4', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('I4', '', $format08);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B5', '', $format10);
+    $worksheet->write('C5', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('D5', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('E5', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('F5', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('G5', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('H5', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('I5', '', $format09);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B6', '', $format05);
+    $worksheet->write('C6', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('D6', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('E6', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('F6', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('G6', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('H6', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('I6', '', $format08);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B7', '', $format10);
+    $worksheet->write('C7', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('D7', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('E7', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('F7', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('G7', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('H7', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('I7', '', $format09);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B8', '', $format05);
+    $worksheet->write('C8', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('D8', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('E8', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('F8', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('G8', '', $format06);
+    $worksheet->write('H8', '', $format07);
+    $worksheet->write('I8', '', $format08);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B9', '', $format11);
+    $worksheet->write('C9', '', $format12);
+    $worksheet->write('D9', '', $format13);
+    $worksheet->write('E9', '', $format12);
+    $worksheet->write('F9', '', $format13);
+    $worksheet->write('G9', '', $format12);
+    $worksheet->write('H9', '', $format13);
+    $worksheet->write('I9', '', $format14);
+    
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/chess.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: colors.pl
+
+
+
+Demonstrates Spreadsheet::WriteExcel's named colors and the Excel color
+palette.
+
+The set_custom_color() Worksheet method can be used to override one of the
+built-in palette values with a more suitable colour. See the main docs.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/colors.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from colors.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ################################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrates Spreadsheet::WriteExcel's named colors and the Excel color
+    # palette.
+    #
+    # The set_custom_color() Worksheet method can be used to override one of the
+    # built-in palette values with a more suitable colour. See the main docs.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("colors.xls");
+    
+    # Some common formats
+    my $center  = $workbook->add_format(align => 'center');
+    my $heading = $workbook->add_format(align => 'center', bold => 1);
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the named colors.
+    #
+    
+    my %colors = (
+                    0x08, 'black',
+                    0x0C, 'blue',
+                    0x10, 'brown',
+                    0x0F, 'cyan',
+                    0x17, 'gray',
+                    0x11, 'green',
+                    0x0B, 'lime',
+                    0x0E, 'magenta',
+                    0x12, 'navy',
+                    0x35, 'orange',
+                    0x21, 'pink',
+                    0x14, 'purple',
+                    0x0A, 'red',
+                    0x16, 'silver',
+                    0x09, 'white',
+                    0x0D, 'yellow',
+                 );
+    
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Named colors');
+    
+    $worksheet1->set_column(0, 3, 15);
+    
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 0, "Index", $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 1, "Index", $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 2, "Name",  $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 3, "Color", $heading);
+    
+    my $i = 1;
+    
+    while (my($index, $color) = each %colors) {
+        my $format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                            fg_color => $color,
+                                            pattern  => 1,
+                                            border   => 1
+                                         );
+    
+        $worksheet1->write($i+1, 0, $index,                    $center);
+        $worksheet1->write($i+1, 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $index), $center);
+        $worksheet1->write($i+1, 2, $color,                    $center);
+        $worksheet1->write($i+1, 3, '',                        $format);
+        $i++;
+    }
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrate the standard Excel colors in the range 8..63.
+    #
+    
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Standard colors');
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_column(0, 3, 15);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 0, "Index", $heading);
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 1, "Index", $heading);
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 2, "Color", $heading);
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 3, "Name",  $heading);
+    
+    for my $i (8..63) {
+        my $format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                            fg_color => $i,
+                                            pattern  => 1,
+                                            border   => 1
+                                         );
+    
+        $worksheet2->write(($i -7), 0, $i,                    $center);
+        $worksheet2->write(($i -7), 1, sprintf("0x%02X", $i), $center);
+        $worksheet2->write(($i -7), 2, '',                    $format);
+    
+        # Add the  color names
+        if (exists $colors{$i}) {
+            $worksheet2->write(($i -7), 3, $colors{$i}, $center);
+    
+        }
+    }
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/colors.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: comments1.pl
+
+
+
+This example demonstrates writing cell comments.
+
+A cell comment is indicated in Excel by a small red triangle in the upper
+right-hand corner of the cell.
+
+For more advanced comment options see comments2.pl.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/comments1.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from comments1.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This example demonstrates writing cell comments.
+    #
+    # A cell comment is indicated in Excel by a small red triangle in the upper
+    # right-hand corner of the cell.
+    #
+    # For more advanced comment options see comments2.pl.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), November 2005, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("comments1.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write        ('A1', 'Hello'            );
+    $worksheet->write_comment('A1', 'This is a comment');
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/comments1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: comments2.pl
+
+
+
+This example demonstrates writing cell comments.
+
+A cell comment is indicated in Excel by a small red triangle in the upper
+right-hand corner of the cell.
+
+Each of the worksheets demonstrates different features of cell comments.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/comments2.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from comments2.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This example demonstrates writing cell comments.
+    #
+    # A cell comment is indicated in Excel by a small red triangle in the upper
+    # right-hand corner of the cell.
+    #
+    # Each of the worksheets demonstrates different features of cell comments.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), November 2005, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("comments2.xls");
+    my $text_wrap  = $workbook->add_format(text_wrap => 1, valign => 'top');
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet5 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet6 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet7 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet8 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Variables that we will use in each example.
+    my $cell_text = '';
+    my $comment   = '';
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. Demonstrates a simple cell comment without formatting and Unicode
+    #            comments encoded as UTF-16 and as UTF-8.
+    #
+    
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    $worksheet1->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(2, 50);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(5, 50);
+    
+    
+    # Simple ascii string.
+    $cell_text = 'Hold the mouse over this cell to see the comment.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'This is a comment.';
+    
+    $worksheet1->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet1->write_comment('C3', $comment);
+    
+    
+    # UTF-16 string.
+    $cell_text = 'This is a UTF-16 comment.';
+    
+    $comment   = pack "n", 0x263a;
+    
+    $worksheet1->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet1->write_comment('C6', $comment, encoding => 1);
+    
+    
+    # UTF-8 string in perl 5.8.
+    if ($] >= 5.008) {
+    
+        $worksheet1->set_row(8, 50);
+        $cell_text = 'This is a UTF-8 string.';
+        $comment   = chr 0x263a;
+    
+        $worksheet1->write        ('C9', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+        $worksheet1->write_comment('C9', $comment);
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. Demonstrates visible and hidden comments.
+    #
+    
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    $worksheet2->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(2, 50);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(5, 50);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is visible.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet2->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet2->write_comment('C3', $comment, visible => 1);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = "This cell comment isn't visible (the default).";
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet2->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet2->write_comment('C6', $comment);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Demonstrates visible and hidden comments set at the worksheet
+    #            level.
+    #
+    
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    $worksheet3->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(2, 50);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(5, 50);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(8, 50);
+    
+    # Make all comments on the worksheet visible.
+    $worksheet3->show_comments();
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is visible, explicitly.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet3->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet3->write_comment('C3', $comment, visible => 1);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is also visible because '.
+                 'we used show_comments().';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet3->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet3->write_comment('C6', $comment);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'However, we can still override it locally.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet3->write        ('C9', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet3->write_comment('C9', $comment, visible => 0);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Demonstrates changes to the comment box dimensions.
+    #
+    
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    $worksheet4->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(2,  50);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(5,  50);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(8,  50);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(15, 50);
+    
+    $worksheet4->show_comments();
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is default size.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet4->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet4->write_comment('C3', $comment);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is twice as wide.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet4->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet4->write_comment('C6', $comment, x_scale => 2);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is twice as high.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet4->write        ('C9', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet4->write_comment('C9', $comment, y_scale => 2);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is scaled in both directions.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet4->write        ('C16', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet4->write_comment('C16', $comment, x_scale => 1.2, y_scale => 0.8);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has width and height specified in pixels.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet4->write        ('C19', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet4->write_comment('C19', $comment, width => 200, height => 20);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Demonstrates changes to the cell comment position.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet5->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet5->set_row(2, 50);
+    $worksheet5->set_row(5, 50);
+    $worksheet5->set_row(8, 50);
+    $worksheet5->set_row(11, 50);
+    
+    $worksheet5->show_comments();
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment is in the default position.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet5->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet5->write_comment('C3', $comment);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has been moved to another cell.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet5->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet5->write_comment('C6', $comment, start_cell => 'E4');
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has been moved to another cell.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet5->write        ('C9', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet5->write_comment('C9', $comment, start_row => 8, start_col => 4);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has been shifted within its default cell.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet5->write        ('C12', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet5->write_comment('C12', $comment, x_offset => 30, y_offset => 12);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 6. Demonstrates changes to the comment background colour.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet6->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet6->set_row(2, 50);
+    $worksheet6->set_row(5, 50);
+    $worksheet6->set_row(8, 50);
+    
+    $worksheet6->show_comments();
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has a different colour.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet6->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet6->write_comment('C3', $comment, color => 'green');
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has the default colour.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet6->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet6->write_comment('C6', $comment);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'This cell comment has a different colour.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet6->write        ('C9', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet6->write_comment('C9', $comment, color => 0x35);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 7. Demonstrates how to set the cell comment author.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet7->set_column('C:C', 30);
+    $worksheet7->set_row(2,  50);
+    $worksheet7->set_row(5,  50);
+    $worksheet7->set_row(8,  50);
+    $worksheet7->set_row(11, 50);
+    
+    my $author = '';
+    my $cell   = 'C3';
+    
+    $cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented ".
+                 "by $author' (blank) in the status bar at the bottom";
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet7->write        ($cell, $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet7->write_comment($cell, $comment);
+    
+    
+    $author    = 'Perl';
+    $cell      = 'C6';
+    $cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented ".
+                 "by $author' in the status bar at the bottom";
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet7->write        ($cell, $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet7->write_comment($cell, $comment, author => $author);
+    
+    
+    $author    = pack "n", 0x20AC; # UTF-16 Euro
+    $cell      = 'C9';
+    $cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented ".
+                 "by Euro' in the status bar at the bottom";
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet7->write        ($cell, $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet7->write_comment($cell, $comment, author          => $author,
+                                                author_encoding => 1      );
+    
+    # UTF-8 string in perl 5.8.
+    if ($] >= 5.008) {
+        $author    = chr 0x20AC;
+        $cell      = 'C12';
+        $cell_text = "Move the mouse over this cell and you will see 'Cell commented ".
+                     "by $author' in the status bar at the bottom";
+        $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+        $worksheet7->write        ($cell, $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+        $worksheet7->write_comment($cell, $comment, author => $author);
+    
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 8. Demonstrates the need to explicitly set the row height.
+    #
+    
+    # Set up some formatting.
+    $worksheet8->set_column('C:C', 25);
+    $worksheet8->set_row(2, 80);
+    
+    $worksheet8->show_comments();
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'The height of this row has been adjusted explicitly using ' .
+                 'set_row(). The size of the comment box is adjusted '         .
+                 'accordingly by WriteExcel.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet8->write        ('C3', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet8->write_comment('C3', $comment);
+    
+    
+    $cell_text = 'The height of this row has been adjusted by Excel due to the '  .
+                 'text wrap property being set. Unfortunately this means that '   .
+                 'the height of the row is unknown to WriteExcel at run time '    .
+                 "and thus the comment box is stretched as well.\n\n"             .
+                 'Use set_row() to specify the row height explicitly to avoid '   .
+                 'this problem.';
+    
+    $comment   = 'Hello.';
+    
+    $worksheet8->write        ('C6', $cell_text, $text_wrap);
+    $worksheet8->write_comment('C6', $comment);
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/comments2.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: copyformat.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the format copying method with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+This feature isn't required very often.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/copyformat.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from copyformat.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the format copying method with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # This feature isn't required very often.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create workbook1
+    my $workbook1       = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("workbook1.xls");
+    my $worksheet1      = $workbook1->add_worksheet();
+    my $format1a        = $workbook1->add_format();
+    my $format1b        = $workbook1->add_format();
+    
+    # Create workbook2
+    my $workbook2       = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("workbook2.xls");
+    my $worksheet2      = $workbook2->add_worksheet();
+    my $format2a        = $workbook2->add_format();
+    my $format2b        = $workbook2->add_format();
+    
+    
+    # Create a global format object that isn't tied to a workbook
+    my $global_format   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Format->new();
+    
+    # Set the formatting
+    $global_format->set_color('blue');
+    $global_format->set_bold();
+    $global_format->set_italic();
+    
+    # Create another example format
+    $format1b->set_color('red');
+    
+    # Copy the global format properties to the worksheet formats
+    $format1a->copy($global_format);
+    $format2a->copy($global_format);
+    
+    # Copy a format from worksheet1 to worksheet2
+    $format2b->copy($format1b);
+    
+    # Write some output
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 0, "Ciao", $format1a);
+    $worksheet1->write(1, 0, "Ciao", $format1b);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 0, "Hello", $format2a);
+    $worksheet2->write(1, 0, "Hello", $format2b);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/copyformat.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: data_validate.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to add data validation and dropdown lists to a
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel file.
+
+Data validation is a feature of Excel which allows you to restrict the data
+that a users enters in a cell and to display help and warning messages. It
+also allows you to restrict input to values in a drop down list.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/data_validate.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from data_validate.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to add data validation and dropdown lists to a
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel file.
+    #
+    # Data validation is a feature of Excel which allows you to restrict the data
+    # that a users enters in a cell and to display help and warning messages. It
+    # also allows you to restrict input to values in a drop down list.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2008, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('data_validate.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Add a format for the header cells.
+    my $header_format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                                border      => 1,
+                                                bg_color    => 43,
+                                                bold        => 1,
+                                                text_wrap   => 1,
+                                                valign      => 'vcenter',
+                                                indent      => 1,
+                                             );
+    
+    # Set up layout of the worksheet.
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 64);
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:B', 15);
+    $worksheet->set_column('D:D', 15);
+    $worksheet->set_row(0, 36);
+    $worksheet->set_selection('B3');
+    
+    
+    # Write the header cells and some data that will be used in the examples.
+    my $row = 0;
+    my $txt;
+    my $heading1 = 'Some examples of data validation in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel';
+    my $heading2 = 'Enter values in this column';
+    my $heading3 = 'Sample Data';
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A1', $heading1, $header_format);
+    $worksheet->write('B1', $heading2, $header_format);
+    $worksheet->write('D1', $heading3, $header_format);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('D3', ['Integers',   1, 10]);
+    $worksheet->write('D4', ['List data', 'open', 'high', 'close']);
+    $worksheet->write('D5', ['Formula',   '=AND(F5=50,G5=60)', 50, 60]);
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 1. Limiting input to an integer in a fixed range.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter an integer between 1 and 10';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'integer',
+            criteria        => 'between',
+            minimum         => 1,
+            maximum         => 10,
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 2. Limiting input to an integer outside a fixed range.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter an integer that is not between 1 and 10 (using cell references)';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'integer',
+            criteria        => 'not between',
+            minimum         => '=E3',
+            maximum         => '=F3',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 3. Limiting input to an integer greater than a fixed value.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter an integer greater than 0';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'integer',
+            criteria        => '>',
+            value           => 0,
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 4. Limiting input to an integer less than a fixed value.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter an integer less than 10';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'integer',
+            criteria        => '<',
+            value           => 10,
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 5. Limiting input to a decimal in a fixed range.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter a decimal between 0.1 and 0.5';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'decimal',
+            criteria        => 'between',
+            minimum         => 0.1,
+            maximum         => 0.5,
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 6. Limiting input to a value in a dropdown list.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Select a value from a drop down list';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'list',
+            source          => ['open', 'high', 'close'],
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 6. Limiting input to a value in a dropdown list.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Select a value from a drop down list (using a cell range)';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'list',
+            source          => '=E4:G4',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 7. Limiting input to a date in a fixed range.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter a date between 1/1/2008 and 12/12/2008';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'date',
+            criteria        => 'between',
+            minimum         => '2008-01-01T',
+            maximum         => '2008-12-12T',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 8. Limiting input to a time in a fixed range.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter a time between 6:00 and 12:00';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'time',
+            criteria        => 'between',
+            minimum         => 'T06:00',
+            maximum         => 'T12:00',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 9. Limiting input to a string greater than a fixed length.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter a string longer than 3 characters';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'length',
+            criteria        => '>',
+            value           => 3,
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 10. Limiting input based on a formula.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Enter a value if the following is true "=AND(F5=50,G5=60)"';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate        => 'custom',
+            value           => '=AND(F5=50,G5=60)',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 11. Displaying and modify data validation messages.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Displays a message when you select the cell';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate      => 'integer',
+            criteria      => 'between',
+            minimum       => 1,
+            maximum       => 100,
+            input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
+            input_message => 'between 1 and 100',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 12. Displaying and modify data validation messages.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Display a custom error message when integer isn\'t between 1 and 100';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate      => 'integer',
+            criteria      => 'between',
+            minimum       => 1,
+            maximum       => 100,
+            input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
+            input_message => 'between 1 and 100',
+            error_title   => 'Input value is not valid!',
+            error_message => 'It should be an integer between 1 and 100',
+        });
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Example 13. Displaying and modify data validation messages.
+    #
+    $txt = 'Display a custom information message when integer isn\'t between 1 and 100';
+    $row += 2;
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 0, $txt);
+    $worksheet->data_validation($row, 1,
+        {
+            validate      => 'integer',
+            criteria      => 'between',
+            minimum       => 1,
+            maximum       => 100,
+            input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
+            input_message => 'between 1 and 100',
+            error_title   => 'Input value is not valid!',
+            error_message => 'It should be an integer between 1 and 100',
+            error_type    => 'information',
+        });
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/data_validate.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: date_time.pl
+
+
+
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel example of writing dates and times using the
+write_date_time() Worksheet method.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/date_time.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from date_time.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel example of writing dates and times using the
+    # write_date_time() Worksheet method.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("date_time.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $bold      = $workbook->add_format(bold => 1);
+    my $row       = 0;
+    
+    
+    # Expand the first column so that the date is visible.
+    $worksheet->set_column("A:B", 30);
+    
+    
+    # Write the column headers
+    $worksheet->write('A1', 'Formatted date', $bold);
+    $worksheet->write('B1', 'Format',         $bold);
+    
+    
+    # Examples date and time formats. In the output file compare how changing
+    # the format codes change the appearance of the date.
+    #
+    my @date_formats = (
+        'dd/mm/yy',
+        'mm/dd/yy',
+        '',
+        'd mm yy',
+        'dd mm yy',
+        '',
+        'dd m yy',
+        'dd mm yy',
+        'dd mmm yy',
+        'dd mmmm yy',
+        '',
+        'dd mm y',
+        'dd mm yyy',
+        'dd mm yyyy',
+        '',
+        'd mmmm yyyy',
+        '',
+        'dd/mm/yy',
+        'dd/mm/yy hh:mm',
+        'dd/mm/yy hh:mm:ss',
+        'dd/mm/yy hh:mm:ss.000',
+        '',
+        'hh:mm',
+        'hh:mm:ss',
+        'hh:mm:ss.000',
+    );
+    
+    
+    # Write the same date and time using each of the above formats. The empty
+    # string formats create a blank line to make the example clearer.
+    #
+    for my $date_format (@date_formats) {
+        $row++;
+        next if $date_format eq '';
+    
+        # Create a format for the date or time.
+        my $format =  $workbook->add_format(
+                                            num_format => $date_format,
+                                            align      => 'left'
+                                           );
+    
+        # Write the same date using different formats.
+        $worksheet->write_date_time($row, 0, '2004-08-01T12:30:45.123', $format);
+        $worksheet->write          ($row, 1, $date_format);
+    }
+    
+    
+    # The following is an example of an invalid date. It is written as a string
+    # instead of a number. This is also Excel's default behaviour.
+    #
+    $row += 2;
+    $worksheet->write_date_time($row, 0, '2004-13-01T12:30:45.123');
+    $worksheet->write          ($row, 1, 'Invalid date. Written as string.', $bold);
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/date_time.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: defined_name.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to create defined names in a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel file.
+
+This method is used to defined a name that can be used to represent a value,
+a single cell or a range of cells in a workbook.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/defined_name.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from defined_name.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to create defined names in a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel file.
+    #
+    # This method is used to defined a name that can be used to represent a value,
+    # a single cell or a range of cells in a workbook.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2008, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('defined_name.xls');
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    $workbook->define_name('Exchange_rate', '=0.96');
+    $workbook->define_name('Sales',         '=Sheet1!$G$1:$H$10');
+    $workbook->define_name('Sheet2!Sales',  '=Sheet2!$G$1:$G$10');
+    
+    
+    for my $worksheet ($workbook->sheets()) {
+        $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 45);
+        $worksheet->write('A2', 'This worksheet contains some defined names,');
+        $worksheet->write('A3', 'See the Insert -> Name -> Define dialog.');
+    
+    }
+    
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A4', '=Exchange_rate');
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/defined_name.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: diag_border.pl
+
+
+
+A simple formatting example that demonstrates how to add a diagonal cell
+border with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/diag_border.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from diag_border.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple formatting example that demonstrates how to add a diagonal cell
+    # border with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('diag_border.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    my $format1   = $workbook->add_format(diag_type       => '1');
+    
+    my $format2   = $workbook->add_format(diag_type       => '2');
+    
+    my $format3   = $workbook->add_format(diag_type       => '3');
+    
+    my $format4   = $workbook->add_format(
+                                          diag_type       => '3',
+                                          diag_border     => '7',
+                                          diag_color      => 'red',
+                                         );
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B3',  'Text', $format1);
+    $worksheet->write('B6',  'Text', $format2);
+    $worksheet->write('B9',  'Text', $format3);
+    $worksheet->write('B12', 'Text', $format4);
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/diag_border.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: easter_egg.pl
+
+
+
+This uses the Win32::OLE module to expose the Flight Simulator easter egg
+in Excel 97 SR2.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This uses the Win32::OLE module to expose the Flight Simulator easter egg
+    # in Excel 97 SR2.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Win32::OLE;
+    
+    my $application = Win32::OLE->new("Excel.Application");
+    my $workbook    = $application->Workbooks->Add;
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->Worksheets(1);
+    
+    $application->{Visible} = 1;
+    
+    $worksheet->Range("L97:X97")->Select;
+    $worksheet->Range("M97")->Activate;
+    
+    my $message =  "Hold down Shift and Ctrl and click the ".
+                   "Chart Wizard icon on the toolbar.\n\n".
+                   "Use the mouse motion and buttons to control ".
+                   "movement. Try to find the monolith. ".
+                   "Close this dialog first.";
+    
+    $application->InputBox($message);
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/easter_egg.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: filehandle.pl
+
+
+
+Example of using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to write Excel files to
+different filehandles.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/filehandle.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from filehandle.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to write Excel files to
+    # different filehandles.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), April 2003, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    use IO::Scalar;
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1. This demonstrates the standard way of creating an Excel file by
+    # specifying a file name.
+    #
+    
+    my $workbook1  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('fh_01.xls');
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook1->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 0,  "Hi Excel!");
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2. Write an Excel file to an existing filehandle.
+    #
+    
+    open    TEST, "> fh_02.xls" or die "Couldn't open file: $!";
+    binmode TEST; # Always do this regardless of whether the platform requires it.
+    
+    my $workbook2  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new(\*TEST);
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook2->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 0,  "Hi Excel!");
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3. Write an Excel file to an existing OO style filehandle.
+    #
+    
+    my $fh = FileHandle->new("> fh_03.xls")
+             or die "Couldn't open file: $!";
+    
+    binmode($fh);
+    
+    my $workbook3  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new($fh);
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook3->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet3->write(0, 0,  "Hi Excel!");
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4. Write an Excel file to a string via IO::Scalar. Please refer to
+    # the IO::Scalar documentation for further details.
+    #
+    
+    my $xls_str;
+    
+    tie *XLS, 'IO::Scalar', \$xls_str;
+    
+    my $workbook4  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new(\*XLS);
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook4->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet4->write(0, 0, "Hi Excel 4");
+    $workbook4->close(); # This is required before we use the scalar
+    
+    
+    # The Excel file is now in $xls_str. As a demonstration, print it to a file.
+    open    TMP, "> fh_04.xls" or die "Couldn't open file: $!";
+    binmode TMP;
+    print   TMP  $xls_str;
+    close   TMP;
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5. Write an Excel file to a string via IO::Scalar's newer interface.
+    # Please refer to the IO::Scalar documentation for further details.
+    #
+    my $xls_str2;
+    
+    my $fh5 = IO::Scalar->new(\$xls_str2);
+    
+    
+    my $workbook5  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new($fh5);
+    my $worksheet5 = $workbook5->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet5->write(0, 0, "Hi Excel 5");
+    $workbook5->close(); # This is required before we use the scalar
+    
+    # The Excel file is now in $xls_str. As a demonstration, print it to a file.
+    open    TMP, "> fh_05.xls" or die "Couldn't open file: $!";
+    binmode TMP;
+    print   TMP  $xls_str2;
+    close   TMP;
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/filehandle.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: formula_result.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to write Spreadsheet::WriteExcel formulas with a user
+specified result.
+
+This is generally only required when writing a spreadsheet for an
+application other than Excel where the formula isn't evaluated.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/formula_result.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from formula_result.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to write Spreadsheet::WriteExcel formulas with a user
+    # specified result.
+    #
+    # This is generally only required when writing a spreadsheet for an
+    # application other than Excel where the formula isn't evaluated.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2005, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('formula_result.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $format    = $workbook->add_format(color => 'blue');
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A1', '=1+2');
+    $worksheet->write('A2', '=1+2',                     $format, 4);
+    $worksheet->write('A3', '="ABC"',                   undef,   'DEF');
+    $worksheet->write('A4', '=IF(A1 > 1, TRUE, FALSE)', undef,   'TRUE');
+    $worksheet->write('A5', '=1/0',                     undef,   '#DIV/0!');
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/formula_result.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: headers.pl
+
+
+
+This program shows several examples of how to set up headers and
+footers with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+The control characters used in the header/footer strings are:
+
+    Control             Category            Description
+    =======             ========            ===========
+    &L                  Justification       Left
+    &C                                      Center
+    &R                                      Right
+
+    &P                  Information         Page number
+    &N                                      Total number of pages
+    &D                                      Date
+    &T                                      Time
+    &F                                      File name
+    &A                                      Worksheet name
+
+    &fontsize           Font                Font size
+    &"font,style"                           Font name and style
+    &U                                      Single underline
+    &E                                      Double underline
+    &S                                      Strikethrough
+    &X                                      Superscript
+    &Y                                      Subscript
+
+    &&                  Miscellaneous       Literal ampersand &
+
+See the main Spreadsheet::WriteExcel documentation for more information.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/headers.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from headers.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # This program shows several examples of how to set up headers and
+    # footers with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # The control characters used in the header/footer strings are:
+    #
+    #     Control             Category            Description
+    #     =======             ========            ===========
+    #     &L                  Justification       Left
+    #     &C                                      Center
+    #     &R                                      Right
+    #
+    #     &P                  Information         Page number
+    #     &N                                      Total number of pages
+    #     &D                                      Date
+    #     &T                                      Time
+    #     &F                                      File name
+    #     &A                                      Worksheet name
+    #
+    #     &fontsize           Font                Font size
+    #     &"font,style"                           Font name and style
+    #     &U                                      Single underline
+    #     &E                                      Double underline
+    #     &S                                      Strikethrough
+    #     &X                                      Superscript
+    #     &Y                                      Subscript
+    #
+    #     &&                  Miscellaneous       Literal ampersand &
+    #
+    # See the main Spreadsheet::WriteExcel documentation for more information.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("headers.xls");
+    my $preview   = "Select Print Preview to see the header and footer";
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example to start
+    #
+    my $worksheet1  = $workbook->add_worksheet('Simple');
+    
+    my $header1     = '&CHere is some centred text.';
+    
+    my $footer1     = '&LHere is some left aligned text.';
+    
+    
+    $worksheet1->set_header($header1);
+    $worksheet1->set_footer($footer1);
+    
+    $worksheet1->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    $worksheet1->write('A1', $preview);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # This is an example of some of the header/footer variables.
+    #
+    my $worksheet2  = $workbook->add_worksheet('Variables');
+    
+    my $header2     = '&LPage &P of &N'.
+                      '&CFilename: &F' .
+                      '&RSheetname: &A';
+    
+    my $footer2     = '&LCurrent date: &D'.
+                      '&RCurrent time: &T';
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_header($header2);
+    $worksheet2->set_footer($footer2);
+    
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    $worksheet2->write('A1', $preview);
+    $worksheet2->write('A21', "Next sheet");
+    $worksheet2->set_h_pagebreaks(20);
+    
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # This example shows how to use more than one font
+    #
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Mixed fonts');
+    
+    my $header3    = '&C' .
+                     '&"Courier New,Bold"Hello ' .
+                     '&"Arial,Italic"World';
+    
+    my $footer3    = '&C' .
+                     '&"Symbol"e' .
+                     '&"Arial" = mc&X2';
+    
+    $worksheet3->set_header($header3);
+    $worksheet3->set_footer($footer3);
+    
+    $worksheet3->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    $worksheet3->write('A1', $preview);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of line wrapping
+    #
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Word wrap');
+    
+    my $header4    = "&CHeading 1\nHeading 2\nHeading 3";
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_header($header4);
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    $worksheet4->write('A1', $preview);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of inserting a literal ampersand &
+    #
+    my $worksheet5 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Ampersand');
+    
+    my $header5    = "&CCuriouser && Curiouser - Attorneys at Law";
+    
+    $worksheet5->set_header($header5);
+    
+    $worksheet5->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    $worksheet5->write('A1', $preview);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/headers.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: hide_sheet.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to hide a worksheet with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/hide_sheet.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from hide_sheet.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to hide a worksheet with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), April 2005, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('hidden.xls');
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Sheet2 won't be visible until it is unhidden in Excel.
+    $worksheet2->hide();
+    
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 0, 'Sheet2 is hidden');
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 0, 'How did you find me?');
+    $worksheet3->write(0, 0, 'Sheet2 is hidden');
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/hide_sheet.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: hyperlink1.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the WriteExcel module to write hyperlinks.
+
+See also hyperlink2.pl for worksheet URL examples.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/hyperlink1.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from hyperlink1.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the WriteExcel module to write hyperlinks.
+    #
+    # See also hyperlink2.pl for worksheet URL examples.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("hyperlink.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet('Hyperlinks');
+    
+    # Format the first column
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 30);
+    $worksheet->set_selection('B1');
+    
+    
+    # Add a sample format
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+    $format->set_size(12);
+    $format->set_bold();
+    $format->set_color('red');
+    $format->set_underline();
+    
+    
+    # Write some hyperlinks
+    $worksheet->write('A1', 'http://www.perl.com/'                );
+    $worksheet->write('A3', 'http://www.perl.com/', 'Perl home'   );
+    $worksheet->write('A5', 'http://www.perl.com/', undef, $format);
+    $worksheet->write('A7', 'mailto:jmcnamara@cpan.org', 'Mail me');
+    
+    # Write a URL that isn't a hyperlink
+    $worksheet->write_string('A9', 'http://www.perl.com/');
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/hyperlink1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: hyperlink2.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the WriteExcel module to write internal and internal
+hyperlinks.
+
+If you wish to run this program and follow the hyperlinks you should create
+the following directory structure:
+
+    C:\ -- Temp --+-- Europe
+                  |
+                  \-- Asia
+
+
+See also hyperlink1.pl for web URL examples.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the WriteExcel module to write internal and internal
+    # hyperlinks.
+    #
+    # If you wish to run this program and follow the hyperlinks you should create
+    # the following directory structure:
+    #
+    #     C:\ -- Temp --+-- Europe
+    #                   |
+    #                   \-- Asia
+    #
+    #
+    # See also hyperlink1.pl for web URL examples.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), February 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create three workbooks:
+    #   C:\Temp\Europe\Ireland.xls
+    #   C:\Temp\Europe\Italy.xls
+    #   C:\Temp\Asia\China.xls
+    #
+    my $ireland   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('C:\Temp\Europe\Ireland.xls');
+    my $ire_links = $ireland->add_worksheet('Links');
+    my $ire_sales = $ireland->add_worksheet('Sales');
+    my $ire_data  = $ireland->add_worksheet('Product Data');
+    
+    my $italy     = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('C:\Temp\Europe\Italy.xls');
+    my $ita_links = $italy->add_worksheet('Links');
+    my $ita_sales = $italy->add_worksheet('Sales');
+    my $ita_data  = $italy->add_worksheet('Product Data');
+    
+    my $china     = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('C:\Temp\Asia\China.xls');
+    my $cha_links = $china->add_worksheet('Links');
+    my $cha_sales = $china->add_worksheet('Sales');
+    my $cha_data  = $china->add_worksheet('Product Data');
+    
+    # Add a format
+    my $format = $ireland->add_format(color => 'green', bold => 1);
+    $ire_links->set_column('A:B', 25);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Examples of internal links
+    #
+    $ire_links->write('A1', 'Internal links', $format);
+    
+    # Internal link
+    $ire_links->write('A2', 'internal:Sales!A2');
+    
+    # Internal link to a range
+    $ire_links->write('A3', 'internal:Sales!A3:D3');
+    
+    # Internal link with an alternative string
+    $ire_links->write('A4', 'internal:Sales!A4', 'Link');
+    
+    # Internal link with a format
+    $ire_links->write('A5', 'internal:Sales!A5', $format);
+    
+    # Internal link with an alternative string and format
+    $ire_links->write('A6', 'internal:Sales!A6', 'Link', $format);
+    
+    # Internal link (spaces in worksheet name)
+    $ire_links->write('A7', q{internal:'Product Data'!A7});
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Examples of external links
+    #
+    $ire_links->write('B1', 'External links', $format);
+    
+    # External link to a local file
+    $ire_links->write('B2', 'external:Italy.xls');
+    
+    # External link to a local file with worksheet
+    $ire_links->write('B3', 'external:Italy.xls#Sales!B3');
+    
+    # External link to a local file with worksheet and alternative string
+    $ire_links->write('B4', 'external:Italy.xls#Sales!B4', 'Link');
+    
+    # External link to a local file with worksheet and format
+    $ire_links->write('B5', 'external:Italy.xls#Sales!B5', $format);
+    
+    # External link to a remote file, absolute path
+    $ire_links->write('B6', 'external:c:/Temp/Asia/China.xls');
+    
+    # External link to a remote file, relative path
+    $ire_links->write('B7', 'external:../Asia/China.xls');
+    
+    # External link to a remote file with worksheet
+    $ire_links->write('B8', 'external:c:/Temp/Asia/China.xls#Sales!B8');
+    
+    # External link to a remote file with worksheet (with spaces in the name)
+    $ire_links->write('B9', q{external:c:/Temp/Asia/China.xls#'Product Data'!B9});
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Some utility links to return to the main sheet
+    #
+    $ire_sales->write('A2', 'internal:Links!A2', 'Back');
+    $ire_sales->write('A3', 'internal:Links!A3', 'Back');
+    $ire_sales->write('A4', 'internal:Links!A4', 'Back');
+    $ire_sales->write('A5', 'internal:Links!A5', 'Back');
+    $ire_sales->write('A6', 'internal:Links!A6', 'Back');
+    $ire_data-> write('A7', 'internal:Links!A7', 'Back');
+    
+    $ita_links->write('A1', 'external:Ireland.xls#Links!B2', 'Back');
+    $ita_sales->write('B3', 'external:Ireland.xls#Links!B3', 'Back');
+    $ita_sales->write('B4', 'external:Ireland.xls#Links!B4', 'Back');
+    $ita_sales->write('B5', 'external:Ireland.xls#Links!B5', 'Back');
+    $cha_links->write('A1', 'external:../Europe/Ireland.xls#Links!B6', 'Back');
+    $cha_sales->write('B8', 'external:../Europe/Ireland.xls#Links!B8', 'Back');
+    $cha_data-> write('B9', 'external:../Europe/Ireland.xls#Links!B9', 'Back');
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/hyperlink2.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: images.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to insert images into an Excel worksheet using the
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel insert_image() method.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/images.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from images.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to insert images into an Excel worksheet using the
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel insert_image() method.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), October 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook called simple.xls and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("images.xls");
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Image 1');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Image 2');
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Image 3');
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Image 4');
+    
+    # Insert a basic image
+    $worksheet1->write('A10', "Image inserted into worksheet.");
+    $worksheet1->insert_image('A1', 'republic.png');
+    
+    
+    # Insert an image with an offset
+    $worksheet2->write('A10', "Image inserted with an offset.");
+    $worksheet2->insert_image('A1', 'republic.png', 32, 10);
+    
+    # Insert a scaled image
+    $worksheet3->write('A10', "Image scaled: width x 2, height x 0.8.");
+    $worksheet3->insert_image('A1', 'republic.png', 0, 0, 2, 0.8);
+    
+    # Insert an image over varied column and row sizes
+    # This does not require any additional work
+    
+    # Set the cols and row sizes
+    # NOTE: you must do this before you call insert_image()
+    $worksheet4->set_column('A:A', 5);
+    $worksheet4->set_column('B:B', undef, undef, 1); # Hidden
+    $worksheet4->set_column('C:D', 10);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(0, 30);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(3, 5);
+    
+    $worksheet4->write('A10', "Image inserted over scaled rows and columns.");
+    $worksheet4->insert_image('A1', 'republic.png');
+    
+    
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/images.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: indent.pl
+
+
+
+A simple formatting example using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+This program demonstrates the indentation cell format.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/indent.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from indent.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple formatting example using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # This program demonstrates the indentation cell format.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('indent.xls');
+    
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $indent1   = $workbook->add_format(indent => 1);
+    my $indent2   = $workbook->add_format(indent => 2);
+    
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 40);
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A1', "This text is indented 1 level",  $indent1);
+    $worksheet->write('A2', "This text is indented 2 levels", $indent2);
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/indent.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: merge1.pl
+
+
+
+Simple example of merging cells using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+
+This example merges three cells using the "Centre Across Selection"
+alignment which was the Excel 5 method of achieving a merge. For a more
+modern approach use the merge_range() worksheet method instead.
+See the merge3.pl - merge6.pl programs.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/merge1.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from merge1.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Simple example of merging cells using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+    #
+    # This example merges three cells using the "Centre Across Selection"
+    # alignment which was the Excel 5 method of achieving a merge. For a more
+    # modern approach use the merge_range() worksheet method instead.
+    # See the merge3.pl - merge6.pl programs.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("merge1.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:D', 20);
+    $worksheet->set_row(2, 30);
+    
+    
+    # Create a merge format
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format(center_across => 1);
+    
+    
+    # Only one cell should contain text, the others should be blank.
+    $worksheet->write      (2, 1, "Center across selection", $format);
+    $worksheet->write_blank(2, 2,                 $format);
+    $worksheet->write_blank(2, 3,                 $format);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/merge1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: merge2.pl
+
+
+
+Simple example of merging cells using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+
+This example merges three cells using the "Centre Across Selection"
+alignment which was the Excel 5 method of achieving a merge. For a more
+modern approach use the merge_range() worksheet method instead.
+See the merge3.pl - merge6.pl programs.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/merge2.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from merge2.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Simple example of merging cells using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+    #
+    # This example merges three cells using the "Centre Across Selection"
+    # alignment which was the Excel 5 method of achieving a merge. For a more
+    # modern approach use the merge_range() worksheet method instead.
+    # See the merge3.pl - merge6.pl programs.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("merge2.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_column(1, 2, 30);
+    $worksheet->set_row(2, 40);
+    
+    
+    # Create a merged format
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                            center_across   => 1,
+                                            bold            => 1,
+                                            size            => 15,
+                                            pattern         => 1,
+                                            border          => 6,
+                                            color           => 'white',
+                                            fg_color        => 'green',
+                                            border_color    => 'yellow',
+                                            align           => 'vcenter',
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    # Only one cell should contain text, the others should be blank.
+    $worksheet->write      (2, 1, "Center across selection", $format);
+    $worksheet->write_blank(2, 2,                            $format);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/merge2.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: merge3.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to write a hyperlink in a
+merged cell. There are two options write_url_range() with a standard merge
+format or merge_range().
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/merge3.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from merge3.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to write a hyperlink in a
+    # merged cell. There are two options write_url_range() with a standard merge
+    # format or merge_range().
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('merge3.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_row($_, 30) for (1, 3, 6, 7);
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:D', 20);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Merge cells containing a hyperlink using write_url_range()
+    # and the standard Excel 5+ merge property.
+    #
+    my $format1 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        center_across   => 1,
+                                        border          => 1,
+                                        underline       => 1,
+                                        color           => 'blue',
+                                     );
+    
+    # Write the cells to be merged
+    $worksheet->write_url_range('B2:D2', 'http://www.perl.com', $format1);
+    $worksheet->write_blank('C2', $format1);
+    $worksheet->write_blank('D2', $format1);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Merge cells containing a hyperlink using merge_range().
+    #
+    my $format2 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border      => 1,
+                                        underline   => 1,
+                                        color       => 'blue',
+                                        align       => 'center',
+                                        valign      => 'vcenter',
+                                      );
+    
+    # Merge 3 cells
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B4:D4', 'http://www.perl.com', $format2);
+    
+    
+    # Merge 3 cells over two rows
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B7:D8', 'http://www.perl.com', $format2);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/merge3.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: merge4.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel merge_range() workbook
+method with complex formatting.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/merge4.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from merge4.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel merge_range() workbook
+    # method with complex formatting.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('merge4.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_row($_, 30) for (1..11);
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:D', 20);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Text centered vertically and horizontally
+    #
+    my $format1 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border  => 6,
+                                        bold    => 1,
+                                        color   => 'red',
+                                        valign  => 'vcenter',
+                                        align   => 'center',
+                                       );
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B2:D3', 'Vertical and horizontal', $format1);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Text aligned to the top and left
+    #
+    my $format2 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border  => 6,
+                                        bold    => 1,
+                                        color   => 'red',
+                                        valign  => 'top',
+                                        align   => 'left',
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B5:D6', 'Aligned to the top and left', $format2);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3:  Text aligned to the bottom and right
+    #
+    my $format3 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border  => 6,
+                                        bold    => 1,
+                                        color   => 'red',
+                                        valign  => 'bottom',
+                                        align   => 'right',
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B8:D9', 'Aligned to the bottom and right', $format3);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4:  Text justified (i.e. wrapped) in the cell
+    #
+    my $format4 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border  => 6,
+                                        bold    => 1,
+                                        color   => 'red',
+                                        valign  => 'top',
+                                        align   => 'justify',
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B11:D12', 'Justified: '.'so on and ' x18, $format4);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/merge4.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: merge5.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel merge_cells() workbook
+method with complex formatting and rotation.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/merge5.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from merge5.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel merge_cells() workbook
+    # method with complex formatting and rotation.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('merge5.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_row($_, 36)         for (3..8);
+    $worksheet->set_column($_, $_ , 15) for (1,3,5);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Rotation 1, letters run from top to bottom
+    #
+    my $format1 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border      => 6,
+                                        bold        => 1,
+                                        color       => 'red',
+                                        valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        align       => 'centre',
+                                        rotation    => 270,
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B4:B9', 'Rotation 270', $format1);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Rotation 2, 90° anticlockwise
+    #
+    my $format2 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border      => 6,
+                                        bold        => 1,
+                                        color       => 'red',
+                                        valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        align       => 'centre',
+                                        rotation    => 90,
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('D4:D9', 'Rotation 90°', $format2);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Rotation 3, 90° clockwise
+    #
+    my $format3 = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border      => 6,
+                                        bold        => 1,
+                                        color       => 'red',
+                                        valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        align       => 'centre',
+                                        rotation    => -90,
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('F4:F9', 'Rotation -90°', $format3);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/merge5.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: merge6.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel merge_cells() workbook
+method with Unicode strings.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/merge6.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from merge6.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel merge_cells() workbook
+    # method with Unicode strings.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), December 2005, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('merge6.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Increase the cell size of the merged cells to highlight the formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_row($_, 36) for 2..9;
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:D', 25);
+    
+    
+    # Format for the merged cells.
+    my $format = $workbook->add_format(
+                                        border      => 6,
+                                        bold        => 1,
+                                        color       => 'red',
+                                        size        => 20,
+                                        valign      => 'vcentre',
+                                        align       => 'left',
+                                        indent      => 1,
+                                      );
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Write an Ascii string.
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B3:D4', 'ASCII: A simple string', $format);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Write a UTF-16 Unicode string.
+    #
+    
+    # A phrase in Cyrillic encoded as UTF-16BE.
+    my $utf16_str = pack "H*", '005500540046002d00310036003a0020'.
+                               '042d0442043e002004440440043004370430002004'.
+                               '3d043000200440044304410441043a043e043c0021';
+    
+    # Note the extra parameter at the end to indicate UTF-16 encoding.
+    $worksheet->merge_range('B6:D7', $utf16_str, $format, 1);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Write a UTF-8 Unicode string.
+    #
+    
+    if ($] >= 5.008) {
+        my $smiley = chr 0x263a;
+        $worksheet->merge_range('B9:D10', "UTF-8: A Unicode smiley $smiley",
+                                           $format);
+    }
+    else {
+        $worksheet->merge_range('B9:D10', "UTF-8: Requires Perl 5.8", $format);
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/merge6.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: mod_perl1.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to send an Excel
+file to a browser using mod_perl 1 and Apache
+
+This module ties *XLS directly to Apache, and with the correct
+content-disposition/types it will prompt the user to save
+the file, or open it at this location.
+
+This script is a modification of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel cgi.pl example.
+
+Change the name of this file to Cgi.pm.
+Change the package location to where ever you locate this package.
+In the example below it is located in the WriteExcel directory.
+
+Your httpd.conf entry for this module, should you choose to use it
+as a stand alone app, should look similar to the following:
+
+    <Location /spreadsheet-test>
+      SetHandler perl-script
+      PerlHandler Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Cgi
+      PerlSendHeader On
+    </Location>
+
+The PerlHandler name above and the package name below *have* to match.
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to send an Excel
+    # file to a browser using mod_perl 1 and Apache
+    #
+    # This module ties *XLS directly to Apache, and with the correct
+    # content-disposition/types it will prompt the user to save
+    # the file, or open it at this location.
+    #
+    # This script is a modification of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel cgi.pl example.
+    #
+    # Change the name of this file to Cgi.pm.
+    # Change the package location to where ever you locate this package.
+    # In the example below it is located in the WriteExcel directory.
+    #
+    # Your httpd.conf entry for this module, should you choose to use it
+    # as a stand alone app, should look similar to the following:
+    #
+    #     <Location /spreadsheet-test>
+    #       SetHandler perl-script
+    #       PerlHandler Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Cgi
+    #       PerlSendHeader On
+    #     </Location>
+    #
+    # The PerlHandler name above and the package name below *have* to match.
+    
+    # Apr 2001, Thomas Sullivan, webmaster@860.org
+    # Feb 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    
+    package Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Cgi;
+    
+    ##########################################
+    # Pragma Definitions
+    ##########################################
+    use strict;
+    
+    ##########################################
+    # Required Modules
+    ##########################################
+    use Apache::Constants qw(:common);
+    use Apache::Request;
+    use Apache::URI; # This may not be needed
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    ##########################################
+    # Main App Body
+    ##########################################
+    sub handler {
+        # New apache object
+        # Should you decide to use it.
+        my $r = Apache::Request->new(shift);
+    
+        # Set the filename and send the content type
+        # This will appear when they save the spreadsheet
+        my $filename ="cgitest.xls";
+    
+        ####################################################
+        ## Send the content type headers
+        ####################################################
+        print "Content-disposition: attachment;filename=$filename\n";
+        print "Content-type: application/vnd.ms-excel\n\n";
+    
+        ####################################################
+        # Tie a filehandle to Apache's STDOUT.
+        # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet.
+        ####################################################
+        tie *XLS => 'Apache';
+        binmode(*XLS);
+    
+        my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new(\*XLS);
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+        # Set the column width for column 1
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 0, 20);
+    
+    
+        # Create a format
+        my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+        $format->set_bold();
+        $format->set_size(15);
+        $format->set_color('blue');
+    
+    
+        # Write to the workbook
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, "Hi Excel!", $format);
+    
+        # You must close the workbook for Content-disposition
+        $workbook->close();
+    }
+    
+    1;
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/mod_perl1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: mod_perl2.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to send an Excel
+file to a browser using mod_perl 2 and Apache.
+
+This module ties *XLS directly to Apache, and with the correct
+content-disposition/types it will prompt the user to save
+the file, or open it at this location.
+
+This script is a modification of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel cgi.pl example.
+
+Change the name of this file to MP2Test.pm.
+Change the package location to where ever you locate this package.
+In the example below it is located in the WriteExcel directory.
+
+Your httpd.conf entry for this module, should you choose to use it
+as a stand alone app, should look similar to the following:
+
+    PerlModule Apache2::RequestRec
+    PerlModule APR::Table
+    PerlModule Apache2::RequestIO
+
+    <Location /spreadsheet-test>
+       SetHandler perl-script
+       PerlResponseHandler Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::MP2Test
+    </Location>
+
+The PerlResponseHandler must match the package name below.
+
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to send an Excel
+    # file to a browser using mod_perl 2 and Apache.
+    #
+    # This module ties *XLS directly to Apache, and with the correct
+    # content-disposition/types it will prompt the user to save
+    # the file, or open it at this location.
+    #
+    # This script is a modification of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel cgi.pl example.
+    #
+    # Change the name of this file to MP2Test.pm.
+    # Change the package location to where ever you locate this package.
+    # In the example below it is located in the WriteExcel directory.
+    #
+    # Your httpd.conf entry for this module, should you choose to use it
+    # as a stand alone app, should look similar to the following:
+    #
+    #     PerlModule Apache2::RequestRec
+    #     PerlModule APR::Table
+    #     PerlModule Apache2::RequestIO
+    #
+    #     <Location /spreadsheet-test>
+    #        SetHandler perl-script
+    #        PerlResponseHandler Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::MP2Test
+    #     </Location>
+    #
+    # The PerlResponseHandler must match the package name below.
+    
+    # Jun 2004, Matisse Enzer, matisse@matisse.net  (mod_perl 2 version)
+    # Apr 2001, Thomas Sullivan, webmaster@860.org
+    # Feb 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    
+    package Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::MP2Test;
+    
+    ##########################################
+    # Pragma Definitions
+    ##########################################
+    use strict;
+    
+    ##########################################
+    # Required Modules
+    ##########################################
+    use Apache2::Const -compile => qw( :common );
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    ##########################################
+    # Main App Body
+    ##########################################
+    sub handler {
+        my($r) = @_;  # Apache request object is passed to handler in mod_perl 2
+    
+        # Set the filename and send the content type
+        # This will appear when they save the spreadsheet
+        my $filename ="mod_perl2_test.xls";
+    
+        ####################################################
+        ## Send the content type headers the mod_perl 2 way
+        ####################################################
+        $r->headers_out->{'Content-Disposition'} = "attachment;filename=$filename";
+        $r->content_type('application/vnd.ms-excel');
+    
+        ####################################################
+        # Tie a filehandle to Apache's STDOUT.
+        # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet.
+        ####################################################
+        tie *XLS => $r;  # The mod_perl 2 way. Tie to the Apache::RequestRec object
+        binmode(*XLS);
+    
+        my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new(\*XLS);
+        my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+        # Set the column width for column 1
+        $worksheet->set_column(0, 0, 20);
+    
+    
+        # Create a format
+        my $format = $workbook->add_format();
+        $format->set_bold();
+        $format->set_size(15);
+        $format->set_color('blue');
+    
+    
+        # Write to the workbook
+        $worksheet->write(0, 0, 'Hi Excel! from ' . $r->hostname , $format);
+    
+        # You must close the workbook for Content-disposition
+        $workbook->close();
+        return Apache2::Const::OK;
+    }
+    
+    1;
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/mod_perl2.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: outline.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to generate Excel outlines and
+grouping.
+
+
+Excel allows you to group rows or columns so that they can be hidden or
+displayed with a single mouse click. This feature is referred to as outlines.
+
+Outlines can reduce complex data down to a few salient sub-totals or 
+summaries.
+
+This feature is best viewed in Excel but the following is an ASCII
+representation of what a worksheet with three outlines might look like.
+Rows 3-4 and rows 7-8 are grouped at level 2. Rows 2-9 are grouped at
+level 1. The lines at the left hand side are called outline level bars.
+
+
+            ------------------------------------------
+     1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
+            ------------------------------------------
+      _    | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
+     |  _  | 2 |   B   |       |       |       |  ...
+     | |   | 3 |  (C)  |       |       |       |  ...
+     | |   | 4 |  (D)  |       |       |       |  ...
+     | -   | 5 |   E   |       |       |       |  ...
+     |  _  | 6 |   F   |       |       |       |  ...
+     | |   | 7 |  (G)  |       |       |       |  ...
+     | |   | 8 |  (H)  |       |       |       |  ...
+     | -   | 9 |   I   |       |       |       |  ...
+     -     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...
+
+
+Clicking the minus sign on each of the level 2 outlines will collapse and
+hide the data as shown in the next figure. The minus sign changes to a plus
+sign to indicate that the data in the outline is hidden.
+
+            ------------------------------------------
+     1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
+            ------------------------------------------
+      _    | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
+     |     | 2 |   B   |       |       |       |  ...
+     | +   | 5 |   E   |       |       |       |  ...
+     |     | 6 |   F   |       |       |       |  ...
+     | +   | 9 |   I   |       |       |       |  ...
+     -     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...
+
+
+Clicking on the minus sign on the level 1 outline will collapse the remaining
+rows as follows:
+
+            ------------------------------------------
+     1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
+            ------------------------------------------
+           | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
+     +     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...
+
+See the main Spreadsheet::WriteExcel documentation for more information.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/outline.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from outline.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to generate Excel outlines and
+    # grouping.
+    #
+    #
+    # Excel allows you to group rows or columns so that they can be hidden or
+    # displayed with a single mouse click. This feature is referred to as outlines.
+    #
+    # Outlines can reduce complex data down to a few salient sub-totals or 
+    # summaries.
+    #
+    # This feature is best viewed in Excel but the following is an ASCII
+    # representation of what a worksheet with three outlines might look like.
+    # Rows 3-4 and rows 7-8 are grouped at level 2. Rows 2-9 are grouped at
+    # level 1. The lines at the left hand side are called outline level bars.
+    #
+    #
+    #             ------------------------------------------
+    #      1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
+    #             ------------------------------------------
+    #       _    | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      |  _  | 2 |   B   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | |   | 3 |  (C)  |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | |   | 4 |  (D)  |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | -   | 5 |   E   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      |  _  | 6 |   F   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | |   | 7 |  (G)  |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | |   | 8 |  (H)  |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | -   | 9 |   I   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      -     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...
+    #
+    #
+    # Clicking the minus sign on each of the level 2 outlines will collapse and
+    # hide the data as shown in the next figure. The minus sign changes to a plus
+    # sign to indicate that the data in the outline is hidden.
+    #
+    #             ------------------------------------------
+    #      1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
+    #             ------------------------------------------
+    #       _    | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      |     | 2 |   B   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | +   | 5 |   E   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      |     | 6 |   F   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      | +   | 9 |   I   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      -     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...
+    #
+    #
+    # Clicking on the minus sign on the level 1 outline will collapse the remaining
+    # rows as follows:
+    #
+    #             ------------------------------------------
+    #      1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
+    #             ------------------------------------------
+    #            | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
+    #      +     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...
+    #
+    # See the main Spreadsheet::WriteExcel documentation for more information.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), April 2003, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add some worksheets
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('outline.xls');
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Outlined Rows');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows');
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Outline Columns');
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Outline levels');
+    
+    # Add a general format
+    my $bold = $workbook->add_format(bold => 1);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Create a worksheet with outlined rows. It also includes SUBTOTAL()
+    # functions so that it looks like the type of automatic outlines that are
+    # generated when you use the Excel Data->SubTotals menu item.
+    #
+    
+    
+    # For outlines the important parameters are $hidden and $level. Rows with the
+    # same $level are grouped together. The group will be collapsed if $hidden is
+    # non-zero. $height and $XF are assigned default values if they are undef.
+    #
+    # The syntax is: set_row($row, $height, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    #
+    $worksheet1->set_row(1,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(2,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(3,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(4,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(5,  undef, undef, 0, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet1->set_row(6,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(7,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(8,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(9,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(10, undef, undef, 0, 1);
+    
+    
+    # Add a column format for clarity
+    $worksheet1->set_column('A:A', 20);
+    
+    # Add the data, labels and formulas
+    $worksheet1->write('A1',  'Region', $bold);
+    $worksheet1->write('A2',  'North');
+    $worksheet1->write('A3',  'North');
+    $worksheet1->write('A4',  'North');
+    $worksheet1->write('A5',  'North');
+    $worksheet1->write('A6',  'North Total', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('B1',  'Sales',  $bold);
+    $worksheet1->write('B2',  1000);
+    $worksheet1->write('B3',  1200);
+    $worksheet1->write('B4',  900);
+    $worksheet1->write('B5',  1200);
+    $worksheet1->write('B6',  '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B5)', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A7',  'South');
+    $worksheet1->write('A8',  'South');
+    $worksheet1->write('A9',  'South');
+    $worksheet1->write('A10', 'South');
+    $worksheet1->write('A11', 'South Total', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('B7',  400);
+    $worksheet1->write('B8',  600);
+    $worksheet1->write('B9',  500);
+    $worksheet1->write('B10', 600);
+    $worksheet1->write('B11', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B7:B10)', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A12', 'Grand Total', $bold);
+    $worksheet1->write('B12', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B10)', $bold);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Create a worksheet with outlined rows. This is the same as the
+    # previous example except that the rows are collapsed.
+    # Note: We need to indicate the row that contains the collapsed symbol '+'
+    # with the optional parameter, $collapsed.
+    
+    # The group will be collapsed if $hidden is non-zero.
+    # The syntax is: set_row($row, $height, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    #
+    $worksheet2->set_row(1,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(2,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(3,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(4,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(5,  undef, undef, 1, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_row(6,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(7,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(8,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(9,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(10, undef, undef, 1, 1);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(11, undef, undef, 0, 0, 1);
+    
+    
+    # Add a column format for clarity
+    $worksheet2->set_column('A:A', 20);
+    
+    # Add the data, labels and formulas
+    $worksheet2->write('A1',  'Region', $bold);
+    $worksheet2->write('A2',  'North');
+    $worksheet2->write('A3',  'North');
+    $worksheet2->write('A4',  'North');
+    $worksheet2->write('A5',  'North');
+    $worksheet2->write('A6',  'North Total', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write('B1',  'Sales',  $bold);
+    $worksheet2->write('B2',  1000);
+    $worksheet2->write('B3',  1200);
+    $worksheet2->write('B4',  900);
+    $worksheet2->write('B5',  1200);
+    $worksheet2->write('B6',  '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B5)', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write('A7',  'South');
+    $worksheet2->write('A8',  'South');
+    $worksheet2->write('A9',  'South');
+    $worksheet2->write('A10', 'South');
+    $worksheet2->write('A11', 'South Total', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write('B7',  400);
+    $worksheet2->write('B8',  600);
+    $worksheet2->write('B9',  500);
+    $worksheet2->write('B10', 600);
+    $worksheet2->write('B11', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B7:B10)', $bold);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write('A12', 'Grand Total', $bold);
+    $worksheet2->write('B12', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B10)', $bold);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3: Create a worksheet with outlined columns.
+    #
+    my $data = [
+                ['Month', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',' Total'],
+                ['North', 50,    20,    15,    25,    65,    80,    ,'=SUM(B2:G2)'],
+                ['South', 10,    20,    30,    50,    50,    50,    ,'=SUM(B3:G3)'],
+                ['East',  45,    75,    50,    15,    75,    100,   ,'=SUM(B4:G4)'],
+                ['West',  15,    15,    55,    35,    20,    50,    ,'=SUM(B5:G6)'],
+               ];
+    
+    # Add bold format to the first row
+    $worksheet3->set_row(0, undef, $bold);
+    
+    # Syntax: set_column($col1, $col2, $width, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    $worksheet3->set_column('A:A', 10, $bold      );
+    $worksheet3->set_column('B:G', 5,  undef, 0, 1);
+    $worksheet3->set_column('H:H', 10);
+    
+    # Write the data and a formula
+    $worksheet3->write_col('A1', $data);
+    $worksheet3->write('H6', '=SUM(H2:H5)', $bold);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4: Show all possible outline levels.
+    #
+    my $levels = ["Level 1", "Level 2", "Level 3", "Level 4",
+                  "Level 5", "Level 6", "Level 7", "Level 6",
+                  "Level 5", "Level 4", "Level 3", "Level 2", "Level 1"];
+    
+    
+    $worksheet4->write_col('A1', $levels);
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_row(0,  undef, undef, undef, 1);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(1,  undef, undef, undef, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(2,  undef, undef, undef, 3);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(3,  undef, undef, undef, 4);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(4,  undef, undef, undef, 5);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(5,  undef, undef, undef, 6);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(6,  undef, undef, undef, 7);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(7,  undef, undef, undef, 6);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(8,  undef, undef, undef, 5);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(9,  undef, undef, undef, 4);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(10, undef, undef, undef, 3);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(11, undef, undef, undef, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(12, undef, undef, undef, 1);
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/outline.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: outline_collapsed.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to generate Excel outlines and
+grouping.
+
+These example focus mainly on collapsed outlines. See also the
+outlines.pl example program for more general examples.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/outline_collapsed.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from outline_collapsed.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to generate Excel outlines and
+    # grouping.
+    #
+    # These example focus mainly on collapsed outlines. See also the
+    # outlines.pl example program for more general examples.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2008, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add some worksheets
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('outline_collapsed.xls');
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Outlined Rows');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows 1');
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows 2');
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Collapsed Rows 3');
+    my $worksheet5 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Outline Columns');
+    my $worksheet6 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Collapsed Columns');
+    
+    
+    # Add a general format
+    my $bold = $workbook->add_format(bold => 1);
+    
+    
+    #
+    # This function will generate the same data and sub-totals on each worksheet.
+    #
+    sub create_sub_totals {
+    
+        my $worksheet = $_[0];
+    
+        # Add a column format for clarity
+        $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 20);
+    
+        # Add the data, labels and formulas
+        $worksheet->write('A1',  'Region', $bold);
+        $worksheet->write('A2',  'North');
+        $worksheet->write('A3',  'North');
+        $worksheet->write('A4',  'North');
+        $worksheet->write('A5',  'North');
+        $worksheet->write('A6',  'North Total', $bold);
+    
+        $worksheet->write('B1',  'Sales',  $bold);
+        $worksheet->write('B2',  1000);
+        $worksheet->write('B3',  1200);
+        $worksheet->write('B4',  900);
+        $worksheet->write('B5',  1200);
+        $worksheet->write('B6',  '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B5)', $bold);
+    
+        $worksheet->write('A7',  'South');
+        $worksheet->write('A8',  'South');
+        $worksheet->write('A9',  'South');
+        $worksheet->write('A10', 'South');
+        $worksheet->write('A11', 'South Total', $bold);
+    
+        $worksheet->write('B7',  400);
+        $worksheet->write('B8',  600);
+        $worksheet->write('B9',  500);
+        $worksheet->write('B10', 600);
+        $worksheet->write('B11', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B7:B10)', $bold);
+    
+        $worksheet->write('A12', 'Grand Total', $bold);
+        $worksheet->write('B12', '=SUBTOTAL(9,B2:B10)', $bold);
+    
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 1: Create a worksheet with outlined rows. It also includes SUBTOTAL()
+    # functions so that it looks like the type of automatic outlines that are
+    # generated when you use the Excel Data->SubTotals menu item.
+    #
+    
+    # The syntax is: set_row($row, $height, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    $worksheet1->set_row(1,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(2,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(3,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(4,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(5,  undef, undef, 0, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet1->set_row(6,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(7,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(8,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(9,  undef, undef, 0, 2);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(10, undef, undef, 0, 1);
+    
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals($worksheet1);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 2: Create a worksheet with collapsed outlined rows.
+    # This is the same as the example 1  except that the all rows are collapsed.
+    # Note: We need to indicate the row that contains the collapsed symbol '+' with
+    # the optional parameter, $collapsed.
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_row(1,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(2,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(3,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(4,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(5,  undef, undef, 1, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_row(6,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(7,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(8,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(9,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet2->set_row(10, undef, undef, 1, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_row(11, undef, undef, 0, 0, 1);
+    
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals($worksheet2);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 3: Create a worksheet with collapsed outlined rows.
+    # Same as the example 1  except that the two sub-totals are collapsed.
+    
+    $worksheet3->set_row(1,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(2,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(3,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(4,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(5,  undef, undef, 0, 1, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet3->set_row(6,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(7,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(8,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(9,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet3->set_row(10, undef, undef, 0, 1, 1);
+    
+    
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals($worksheet3);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 4: Create a worksheet with outlined rows.
+    # Same as the example 1  except that the two sub-totals are collapsed.
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_row(1,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(2,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(3,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(4,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(5,  undef, undef, 1, 1, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_row(6,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(7,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(8,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(9,  undef, undef, 1, 2);
+    $worksheet4->set_row(10, undef, undef, 1, 1, 1);
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_row(11, undef, undef, 0, 0, 1);
+    
+    # Write the sub-total data that is common to the row examples.
+    create_sub_totals($worksheet4);
+    
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 5: Create a worksheet with outlined columns.
+    #
+    my $data = [
+                ['Month', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',' Total'],
+                ['North', 50,    20,    15,    25,    65,    80,    ,'=SUM(B2:G2)'],
+                ['South', 10,    20,    30,    50,    50,    50,    ,'=SUM(B3:G3)'],
+                ['East',  45,    75,    50,    15,    75,    100,   ,'=SUM(B4:G4)'],
+                ['West',  15,    15,    55,    35,    20,    50,    ,'=SUM(B5:G6)'],
+               ];
+    
+    # Add bold format to the first row
+    $worksheet5->set_row(0, undef, $bold);
+    
+    # Syntax: set_column($col1, $col2, $width, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    $worksheet5->set_column('A:A', 10, $bold      );
+    $worksheet5->set_column('B:G', 5,  undef, 0, 1);
+    $worksheet5->set_column('H:H', 10             );
+    
+    # Write the data and a formula
+    $worksheet5->write_col('A1', $data);
+    $worksheet5->write('H6', '=SUM(H2:H5)', $bold);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example 6: Create a worksheet with collapsed outlined columns.
+    # This is the same as the previous example except collapsed columns.
+    
+    # Add bold format to the first row
+    $worksheet6->set_row(0, undef, $bold);
+    
+    # Syntax: set_column($col1, $col2, $width, $XF, $hidden, $level, $collapsed)
+    $worksheet6->set_column('A:A', 10, $bold         );
+    $worksheet6->set_column('B:G', 5,  undef, 1, 1   );
+    $worksheet6->set_column('H:H', 10, undef, 0, 0, 1);
+    
+    # Write the data and a formula
+    $worksheet6->write_col('A1', $data);
+    $worksheet6->write('H6', '=SUM(H2:H5)', $bold);
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/outline_collapsed.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: panes.pl
+
+
+
+Example of using the WriteExcel module to create worksheet panes.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/panes.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from panes.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of using the WriteExcel module to create worksheet panes.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("panes.xls");
+    
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Panes 1');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Panes 2');
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Panes 3');
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Panes 4');
+    
+    # Freeze panes
+    $worksheet1->freeze_panes(1, 0); # 1 row
+    
+    $worksheet2->freeze_panes(0, 1); # 1 column
+    $worksheet3->freeze_panes(1, 1); # 1 row and column
+    
+    # Split panes.
+    # The divisions must be specified in terms of row and column dimensions.
+    # The default row height is 12.75 and the default column width is 8.43
+    #
+    $worksheet4->split_panes(12.75, 8.43, 1, 1); # 1 row and column
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Set up some formatting and text to highlight the panes
+    #
+    
+    my $header = $workbook->add_format();
+    $header->set_color('white');
+    $header->set_align('center');
+    $header->set_align('vcenter');
+    $header->set_pattern();
+    $header->set_fg_color('green');
+    
+    my $center = $workbook->add_format();
+    $center->set_align('center');
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 1
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet1->set_column('A:I', 16);
+    $worksheet1->set_row(0, 20);
+    $worksheet1->set_selection('C3');
+    
+    for my $i (0..8){
+        $worksheet1->write(0, $i, 'Scroll down', $header);
+    }
+    
+    for my $i (1..100){
+        for my $j (0..8){
+            $worksheet1->write($i, $j, $i+1, $center);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 2
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet2->set_column('A:A', 16);
+    $worksheet2->set_selection('C3');
+    
+    for my $i (0..49){
+        $worksheet2->set_row($i, 15);
+        $worksheet2->write($i, 0, 'Scroll right', $header);
+    }
+    
+    for my $i (0..49){
+        for my $j (1..25){
+            $worksheet2->write($i, $j, $j, $center);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 3
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet3->set_column('A:Z', 16);
+    $worksheet3->set_selection('C3');
+    
+    for my $i (1..25){
+        $worksheet3->write(0, $i, 'Scroll down',  $header);
+    }
+    
+    for my $i (1..49){
+        $worksheet3->write($i, 0, 'Scroll right', $header);
+    }
+    
+    for my $i (1..49){
+        for my $j (1..25){
+            $worksheet3->write($i, $j, $j, $center);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Sheet 4
+    #
+    
+    $worksheet4->set_selection('C3');
+    
+    for my $i (1..25){
+        $worksheet4->write(0, $i, 'Scroll', $center);
+    }
+    
+    for my $i (1..49){
+        $worksheet4->write($i, 0, 'Scroll', $center);
+    }
+    
+    for my $i (1..49){
+        for my $j (1..25){
+            $worksheet4->write($i, $j, $j, $center);
+        }
+    }
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/panes.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: properties.pl
+
+
+
+An example of adding document properties to a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel file.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/properties.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from properties.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # An example of adding document properties to a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel file.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2008, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('properties.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    $workbook->set_properties(
+        title    => 'This is an example spreadsheet',
+        subject  => 'With document properties',
+        author   => 'John McNamara',
+        manager  => 'Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz ',
+        company  => 'of Wolves',
+        category => 'Example spreadsheets',
+        keywords => 'Sample, Example, Properties',
+        comments => 'Created with Perl and Spreadsheet::WriteExcel',
+    );
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    $worksheet->write('A1', 'Select File->Properties to see the file properties');
+    
+    
+    __END__
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/properties.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: protection.pl
+
+
+
+Example of cell locking and formula hiding in an Excel worksheet via
+the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/protection.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from protection.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ########################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of cell locking and formula hiding in an Excel worksheet via
+    # the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("protection.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Create some format objects
+    my $locked    = $workbook->add_format(locked => 1);
+    my $unlocked  = $workbook->add_format(locked => 0);
+    my $hidden    = $workbook->add_format(hidden => 1);
+    
+    # Format the columns
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 42);
+    $worksheet->set_selection('B3:B3');
+    
+    # Protect the worksheet
+    $worksheet->protect();
+    
+    # Examples of cell locking and hiding
+    $worksheet->write('A1', 'Cell B1 is locked. It cannot be edited.');
+    $worksheet->write('B1', '=1+2', $locked);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A2', 'Cell B2 is unlocked. It can be edited.');
+    $worksheet->write('B2', '=1+2', $unlocked);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A3', "Cell B3 is hidden. The formula isn't visible.");
+    $worksheet->write('B3', '=1+2', $hidden);
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A5', 'Use Menu->Tools->Protection->Unprotect Sheet');
+    $worksheet->write('A6', 'to remove the worksheet protection.   ');
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/protection.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: repeat.pl
+
+
+
+Example of writing repeated formulas.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/repeat.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from repeat.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of writing repeated formulas.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("repeat.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    my $limit = 1000;
+    
+    # Write a column of numbers
+    for my $row (0..$limit) {
+        $worksheet->write($row, 0,  $row);
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Store a formula
+    my $formula = $worksheet->store_formula('=A1*5+4');
+    
+    
+    # Write a column of formulas based on the stored formula
+    for my $row (0..$limit) {
+        $worksheet->repeat_formula($row, 1, $formula, undef,
+                                            qr/^A1$/, 'A'.($row+1));
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Direct formula writing. As a speed comparison uncomment the
+    # following and run the program again
+    
+    #for my $row (0..$limit) {
+    #    $worksheet->write_formula($row, 2, '=A'.($row+1).'*5+4');
+    #}
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/repeat.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: right_to_left.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to change the default worksheet direction from
+left-to-right to right-to-left as required by some eastern verions
+of Excel.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/right_to_left.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from right_to_left.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to change the default worksheet direction from
+    # left-to-right to right-to-left as required by some eastern verions
+    # of Excel.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), January 2006, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("right_to_left.xls");
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet2->right_to_left();
+    
+    $worksheet1->write(0, 0, 'Hello'); #  A1, B1, C1, ...
+    $worksheet2->write(0, 0, 'Hello'); # ..., C1, B1, A1
+    
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/right_to_left.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: row_wrap.pl
+
+
+
+Demonstrates how to wrap data from one worksheet onto another.
+
+Excel has a row limit of 65536 rows. Sometimes the amount of row data to be
+written to a file is greater than this limit. In this case it is a useful
+technique to wrap the data from one worksheet onto the next so that we get
+something like the following:
+
+  Sheet1  Row     1  -  65536
+  Sheet2  Row 65537  - 131072
+  Sheet3  Row 131073 - ...
+
+In order to achieve this we use a single worksheet reference and
+reinitialise it to point to a new worksheet when required.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/row_wrap.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from row_wrap.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstrates how to wrap data from one worksheet onto another.
+    #
+    # Excel has a row limit of 65536 rows. Sometimes the amount of row data to be
+    # written to a file is greater than this limit. In this case it is a useful
+    # technique to wrap the data from one worksheet onto the next so that we get
+    # something like the following:
+    #
+    #   Sheet1  Row     1  -  65536
+    #   Sheet2  Row 65537  - 131072
+    #   Sheet3  Row 131073 - ...
+    #
+    # In order to achieve this we use a single worksheet reference and
+    # reinitialise it to point to a new worksheet when required.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2006, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('row_wrap.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Worksheet formatting.
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 20);
+    
+    
+    # For the sake of this example we will use a small row limit. In order to use
+    # the entire row range set the $row_limit to 65536.
+    my $row_limit = 10;
+    my $row       = 0;
+    
+    for my $count (1 .. 2 * $row_limit +10) {
+    
+        # When we hit the row limit we redirect the output
+        # to a new worksheet and reset the row number.
+        if ($row == $row_limit) {
+            $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+            $row = 0;
+    
+            # Repeat any worksheet formatting.
+            $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 20);
+        }
+    
+        $worksheet->write($row, 0,  "This is row $count");
+        $row++;
+    }
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/row_wrap.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: sales.pl
+
+
+
+Example of a sales worksheet to demonstrate several different features.
+Also uses functions from the L<Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Utility> module.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/sales.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from sales.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of a sales worksheet to demonstrate several different features.
+    # Also uses functions from the L<Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Utility> module.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), October 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Utility;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook        = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("sales.xls");
+    my $worksheet       = $workbook->add_worksheet('May Sales');
+    
+    
+    # Set up some formats
+    my %heading         =   (
+                                bold        => 1,
+                                pattern     => 1,
+                                fg_color    => 19,
+                                border      => 1,
+                                align       => 'center',
+                            );
+    
+    my %total           =   (
+                            bold        => 1,
+                            top         => 1,
+                            num_format  => '$#,##0.00'
+                            );
+    
+    my $heading         = $workbook->add_format(%heading);
+    my $total_format    = $workbook->add_format(%total);
+    my $price_format    = $workbook->add_format(num_format => '$#,##0.00');
+    my $date_format     = $workbook->add_format(num_format => 'mmm d yyy');
+    
+    
+    # Write the main headings
+    $worksheet->freeze_panes(1); # Freeze the first row
+    $worksheet->write('A1', 'Item',     $heading);
+    $worksheet->write('B1', 'Quantity', $heading);
+    $worksheet->write('C1', 'Price',    $heading);
+    $worksheet->write('D1', 'Total',    $heading);
+    $worksheet->write('E1', 'Date',     $heading);
+    
+    # Set the column widths
+    $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 25);
+    $worksheet->set_column('B:B', 10);
+    $worksheet->set_column('C:E', 16);
+    
+    
+    # Extract the sales data from the __DATA__ section at the end of the file.
+    # In reality this information would probably come from a database
+    my @sales;
+    
+    foreach my $line (<DATA>) {
+        chomp $line;
+        next if $line eq '';
+        # Simple-minded processing of CSV data. Refer to the Text::CSV_XS
+        # and Text::xSV modules for a more complete CSV handling.
+        my @items = split /,/, $line;
+        push @sales, \@items;
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Write out the items from each row
+    my $row = 1;
+    foreach my $sale (@sales) {
+    
+        $worksheet->write($row, 0, @$sale[0]);
+        $worksheet->write($row, 1, @$sale[1]);
+        $worksheet->write($row, 2, @$sale[2], $price_format);
+    
+        # Create a formula like '=B2*C2'
+        my $formula =   '='
+                        . xl_rowcol_to_cell($row, 1)
+                        . "*"
+                        . xl_rowcol_to_cell($row, 2);
+    
+        $worksheet->write($row, 3, $formula, $price_format);
+    
+        # Parse the date
+        my $date = xl_decode_date_US(@$sale[3]);
+        $worksheet->write($row, 4, $date, $date_format);
+        $row++;
+    }
+    
+    # Create a formula to sum the totals, like '=SUM(D2:D6)'
+    my $total = '=SUM(D2:'
+                . xl_rowcol_to_cell($row-1, 3)
+                . ")";
+    
+    $worksheet->write($row, 3, $total, $total_format);
+    
+    
+    
+    __DATA__
+    586 card,20,125.50,5/12/01
+    Flat Screen Monitor,1,1300.00,5/12/01
+    64 MB dimms,45,49.99,5/13/01
+    15 GB HD,12,300.00,5/13/01
+    Speakers (pair),5,15.50,5/14/01
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/sales.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: sendmail.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use Mail::Sender to send a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel Excel
+file as an attachment.
+
+The main thing is to ensure that you close() the Worbook before you send it.
+
+See the L<Mail::Sender> module for further details.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use Mail::Sender to send a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel Excel
+    # file as an attachment.
+    #
+    # The main thing is to ensure that you close() the Worbook before you send it.
+    #
+    # See the L<Mail::Sender> module for further details.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), August 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    use Mail::Sender;
+    
+    # Create an Excel file
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("sendmail.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet;
+    
+    $worksheet->write('A1', "Hello World!");
+    
+    $workbook->close(); # Must close before sending
+    
+    
+    
+    # Send the file.  Change all variables to suit
+    my $sender = new Mail::Sender
+    {
+        smtp => '123.123.123.123',
+        from => 'Someone'
+    };
+    
+    $sender->MailFile(
+    {
+        to      => 'another@mail.com',
+        subject => 'Excel file',
+        msg     => "Here is the data.\n",
+        file    => 'mail.xls',
+    });
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/sendmail.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: stats_ext.pl
+
+
+
+Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+
+This is a simple example of how to use functions that reference cells in
+other worksheets within the same workbook.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/stats_ext.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from stats_ext.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+    #
+    # This is a simple example of how to use functions that reference cells in
+    # other worksheets within the same workbook.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("stats_ext.xls");
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Test results');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Data');
+    
+    # Set the column width for columns 1
+    $worksheet1->set_column('A:A', 20);
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the headings
+    my $heading = $workbook->add_format();
+    $heading->set_bold();
+    
+    # Create a numerical format
+    my $numformat = $workbook->add_format();
+    $numformat->set_num_format('0.00');
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    # Write some statistical functions
+    $worksheet1->write('A1', 'Count', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B1', '=COUNT(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A2', 'Sum', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B2', '=SUM(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A3', 'Average', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B3', '=AVERAGE(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A4', 'Min', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B4', '=MIN(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A5', 'Max', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B5', '=MAX(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A6', 'Standard Deviation', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B6', '=STDEV(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    $worksheet1->write('A7', 'Kurtosis', $heading);
+    $worksheet1->write('B7', '=KURT(Data!B2:B9)');
+    
+    
+    # Write the sample data
+    $worksheet2->write('A1', 'Sample', $heading);
+    $worksheet2->write('A2', 1);
+    $worksheet2->write('A3', 2);
+    $worksheet2->write('A4', 3);
+    $worksheet2->write('A5', 4);
+    $worksheet2->write('A6', 5);
+    $worksheet2->write('A7', 6);
+    $worksheet2->write('A8', 7);
+    $worksheet2->write('A9', 8);
+    
+    $worksheet2->write('B1', 'Length', $heading);
+    $worksheet2->write('B2', 25.4, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B3', 25.4, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B4', 24.8, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B5', 25.0, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B6', 25.3, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B7', 24.9, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B8', 25.2, $numformat);
+    $worksheet2->write('B9', 24.8, $numformat);
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/stats_ext.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: stocks.pl
+
+
+
+Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+
+This example shows how to use a conditional numerical format
+with colours to indicate if a share price has gone up or down.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/stocks.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from stocks.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+    #
+    # This example shows how to use a conditional numerical format
+    # with colours to indicate if a share price has gone up or down.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("stocks.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Set the column width for columns 1, 2, 3 and 4
+    $worksheet->set_column(0, 3, 15);
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the column headings
+    my $header = $workbook->add_format();
+    $header->set_bold();
+    $header->set_size(12);
+    $header->set_color('blue');
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the stock price
+    my $f_price = $workbook->add_format();
+    $f_price->set_align('left');
+    $f_price->set_num_format('$0.00');
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the stock volume
+    my $f_volume = $workbook->add_format();
+    $f_volume->set_align('left');
+    $f_volume->set_num_format('#,##0');
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the price change. This is an example of a conditional
+    # format. The number is formatted as a percentage. If it is positive it is
+    # formatted in green, if it is negative it is formatted in red and if it is
+    # zero it is formatted as the default font colour (in this case black).
+    # Note: the [Green] format produces an unappealing lime green. Try
+    # [Color 10] instead for a dark green.
+    #
+    my $f_change = $workbook->add_format();
+    $f_change->set_align('left');
+    $f_change->set_num_format('[Green]0.0%;[Red]-0.0%;0.0%');
+    
+    
+    # Write out the data
+    $worksheet->write(0, 0, 'Company', $header);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 1, 'Price',   $header);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 2, 'Volume',  $header);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 3, 'Change',  $header);
+    
+    $worksheet->write(1, 0, 'Damage Inc.'     );
+    $worksheet->write(1, 1, 30.25,     $f_price);  # $30.25
+    $worksheet->write(1, 2, 1234567,   $f_volume); # 1,234,567
+    $worksheet->write(1, 3, 0.085,     $f_change); # 8.5% in green
+    
+    $worksheet->write(2, 0, 'Dump Corp.'      );
+    $worksheet->write(2, 1, 1.56,      $f_price);  # $1.56
+    $worksheet->write(2, 2, 7564,      $f_volume); # 7,564
+    $worksheet->write(2, 3, -0.015,    $f_change); # -1.5% in red
+    
+    $worksheet->write(3, 0, 'Rev Ltd.'        );
+    $worksheet->write(3, 1, 0.13,      $f_price);  # $0.13
+    $worksheet->write(3, 2, 321,       $f_volume); # 321
+    $worksheet->write(3, 3, 0,         $f_change); # 0 in the font color (black)
+    
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/stocks.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: tab_colors.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to set Excel worksheet tab colours.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/tab_colors.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from tab_colors.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to set Excel worksheet tab colours.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2006, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('tab_colors.xls');
+    
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Worksheet1 will have the default tab colour.
+    $worksheet2->set_tab_color('red');
+    $worksheet3->set_tab_color('green');
+    $worksheet4->set_tab_color(0x35); # Orange
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/tab_colors.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: textwrap.pl
+
+
+
+Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+
+This example shows how to wrap text in a cell. There are two alternatives,
+vertical justification and text wrap.
+
+With vertical justification the text is wrapped automatically to fit the
+column width. With text wrap you must specify a newline with an embedded \n.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/textwrap.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from textwrap.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of formatting using the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module
+    #
+    # This example shows how to wrap text in a cell. There are two alternatives,
+    # vertical justification and text wrap.
+    #
+    # With vertical justification the text is wrapped automatically to fit the
+    # column width. With text wrap you must specify a newline with an embedded \n.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("textwrap.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Set the column width for columns 1, 2 and 3
+    $worksheet->set_column(1, 1, 24);
+    $worksheet->set_column(2, 2, 34);
+    $worksheet->set_column(3, 3, 34);
+    
+    # Set the row height for rows 1, 4, and 6. The height of row 2 will adjust
+    # automatically to fit the text.
+    #
+    $worksheet->set_row(0, 30);
+    $worksheet->set_row(3, 40);
+    $worksheet->set_row(5, 80);
+    
+    
+    # No newlines
+    my $str1  = "For whatever we lose (like a you or a me) ";
+    $str1    .= "it's always ourselves we find in the sea";
+    
+    # Embedded newlines
+    my $str2  = "For whatever we lose\n(like a you or a me)\n";
+       $str2 .= "it's always ourselves\nwe find in the sea";
+    
+    
+    # Create a format for the column headings
+    my $header = $workbook->add_format();
+    $header->set_bold();
+    $header->set_font("Courier New");
+    $header->set_align('center');
+    $header->set_align('vcenter');
+    
+    # Create a "vertical justification" format
+    my $format1 = $workbook->add_format();
+    $format1->set_align('vjustify');
+    
+    # Create a "text wrap" format
+    my $format2 = $workbook->add_format();
+    $format2->set_text_wrap();
+    
+    # Write the headers
+    $worksheet->write(0, 1, "set_align('vjustify')", $header);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 2, "set_align('vjustify')", $header);
+    $worksheet->write(0, 3, "set_text_wrap()", $header);
+    
+    # Write some examples
+    $worksheet->write(1, 1, $str1, $format1);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 2, $str1, $format1);
+    $worksheet->write(1, 3, $str2, $format2);
+    
+    $worksheet->write(3, 1, $str1, $format1);
+    $worksheet->write(3, 2, $str1, $format1);
+    $worksheet->write(3, 3, $str2, $format2);
+    
+    $worksheet->write(5, 1, $str1, $format1);
+    $worksheet->write(5, 2, $str1, $format1);
+    $worksheet->write(5, 3, $str2, $format2);
+    
+    
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/textwrap.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: win32ole.pl
+
+
+
+This is a simple example of how to create an Excel file using the
+Win32::OLE module for the sake of comparison.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This is a simple example of how to create an Excel file using the
+    # Win32::OLE module for the sake of comparison.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Cwd;
+    use Win32::OLE;
+    use Win32::OLE::Const 'Microsoft Excel';
+    
+    
+    my $application = Win32::OLE->new("Excel.Application");
+    my $workbook    = $application->Workbooks->Add;
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->Worksheets(1);
+    
+    $worksheet->Cells(1,1)->{Value} = "Hello World";
+    $worksheet->Cells(2,1)->{Value} = "One";
+    $worksheet->Cells(3,1)->{Value} = "Two";
+    $worksheet->Cells(4,1)->{Value} =  3;
+    $worksheet->Cells(5,1)->{Value} =  4.0000001;
+    
+    # Add some formatting
+    $worksheet->Cells(1,1)->Font->{Bold}       = "True";
+    $worksheet->Cells(1,1)->Font->{Size}       = 16;
+    $worksheet->Cells(1,1)->Font->{ColorIndex} = 3;
+    $worksheet->Columns("A:A")->{ColumnWidth}  = 25;
+    
+    # Write a hyperlink
+    my $range = $worksheet->Range("A7:A7");
+    $worksheet->Hyperlinks->Add({ Anchor => $range, Address => "http://www.perl.com/"});
+    
+    # Get current directory using Cwd.pm
+    my $dir = cwd();
+    
+    $workbook->SaveAs({
+                        FileName   => $dir . '/win32ole.xls',
+                        FileFormat => xlNormal,
+                      });
+    $workbook->Close;
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/win32ole.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: write_arrays.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to
+write 1D and 2D arrays of data.
+
+To find out more about array references refer(!!) to the perlref and
+perlreftut manpages. To find out more about 2D arrays or "list of
+lists" refer to the perllol manpage.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/write_arrays.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from write_arrays.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #######################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to
+    # write 1D and 2D arrays of data.
+    #
+    # To find out more about array references refer(!!) to the perlref and
+    # perlreftut manpages. To find out more about 2D arrays or "list of
+    # lists" refer to the perllol manpage.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2002, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook   = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("write_arrays.xls");
+    my $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 1');
+    my $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 2');
+    my $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 3');
+    my $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 4');
+    my $worksheet5 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 5');
+    my $worksheet6 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 6');
+    my $worksheet7 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 7');
+    my $worksheet8 = $workbook->add_worksheet('Example 8');
+    
+    my $format     = $workbook->add_format(color => 'red', bold => 1);
+    
+    
+    # Data arrays used in the following examples.
+    # undef values are written as blank cells (with format if specified).
+    #
+    my @array   =   ( 'one', 'two', undef, 'four' );
+    
+    my @array2d =   (
+                        ['maggie', 'milly', 'molly', 'may'  ],
+                        [13,       14,      15,      16     ],
+                        ['shell',  'star',  'crab',  'stone'],
+                    );
+    
+    
+    # 1. Write a row of data using an array reference.
+    $worksheet1->write('A1', \@array);
+    
+    # 2. Same as 1. above using an anonymous array ref.
+    $worksheet2->write('A1', [ @array ]);
+    
+    # 3. Write a row of data using an explicit write_row() method call.
+    #    This is the same as calling write() in Ex. 1 above.
+    #
+    $worksheet3->write_row('A1', \@array);
+    
+    # 4. Write a column of data using the write_col() method call.
+    $worksheet4->write_col('A1', \@array);
+    
+    # 5. Write a column of data using a ref to an array ref, i.e. a 2D array.
+    $worksheet5->write('A1', [ \@array ]);
+    
+    # 6. Write a 2D array in col-row order.
+    $worksheet6->write('A1', \@array2d);
+    
+    # 7. Write a 2D array in row-col order.
+    $worksheet7->write_col('A1', \@array2d);
+    
+    # 8. Write a row of data with formatting. The blank cell is also formatted.
+    $worksheet8->write('A1', \@array, $format);
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/write_arrays.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: write_handler1.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+WriteExcel write() method.
+
+The following example shows how to add a handler for a 7 digit ID number.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/write_handler1.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from write_handler1.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+    # WriteExcel write() method.
+    #
+    # The following example shows how to add a handler for a 7 digit ID number.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook    = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("write_handler1.xls");
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Add a handler for 7 digit id numbers. This is useful when you want a string
+    # such as 0000001 written as a string instead of a number and thus preserve
+    # the leading zeroes.
+    #
+    # Note: you can get the same effect using the keep_leading_zeros() method but
+    # this serves as a simple example.
+    #
+    $worksheet->add_write_handler(qr[^\d{7}$], \&write_my_id);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # The following function processes the data when a match is found.
+    #
+    sub write_my_id {
+    
+        my $worksheet = shift;
+    
+        return $worksheet->write_string(@_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    # This format maintains the cell as text even if it is edited.
+    my $id_format   = $workbook->add_format(num_format => '@');
+    
+    
+    # Write some numbers in the user defined format
+    $worksheet->write('A1', '0000000', $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A2', '0000001', $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A3', '0004000', $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A4', '1234567', $id_format);
+    
+    # Write some numbers that don't match the defined format
+    $worksheet->write('A6', '000000',  $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A7', '000001',  $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A8', '004000',  $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A9', '123456',  $id_format);
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/write_handler1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: write_handler2.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+WriteExcel write() method.
+
+The following example shows how to add a handler for a 7 digit ID number.
+It adds an additional constraint to the write_handler1.pl in that it only
+filters data that isn't in the third column.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/write_handler2.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from write_handler2.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+    # WriteExcel write() method.
+    #
+    # The following example shows how to add a handler for a 7 digit ID number.
+    # It adds an additional constraint to the write_handler1.pl in that it only
+    # filters data that isn't in the third column.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook    = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("write_handler2.xls");
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Add a handler for 7 digit id numbers. This is useful when you want a string
+    # such as 0000001 written as a string instead of a number and thus preserve
+    # the leading zeroes.
+    #
+    # Note: you can get the same effect using the keep_leading_zeros() method but
+    # this serves as a simple example.
+    #
+    $worksheet->add_write_handler(qr[^\d{7}$], \&write_my_id);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # The following function processes the data when a match is found. The handler
+    # is set up so that it only filters data if it is in the third column.
+    #
+    sub write_my_id {
+    
+        my $worksheet = shift;
+        my $col       = $_[1];
+    
+        # col is zero based
+        if ($col != 2) {
+            return $worksheet->write_string(@_);
+        }
+        else {
+            # Reject the match and return control to write()
+            return undef;
+        }
+    
+    }
+    
+    
+    # This format maintains the cell as text even if it is edited.
+    my $id_format   = $workbook->add_format(num_format => '@');
+    
+    
+    # Write some numbers in the user defined format
+    $worksheet->write('A1', '0000000', $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('B1', '0000001', $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('C1', '0000002', $id_format);
+    $worksheet->write('D1', '0000003', $id_format);
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/write_handler2.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: write_handler3.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+WriteExcel write() method.
+
+The following example shows how to add a handler for dates in a specific
+format.
+
+See write_handler4.pl for a more rigorous example with error handling.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/write_handler3.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from write_handler3.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+    # WriteExcel write() method.
+    #
+    # The following example shows how to add a handler for dates in a specific
+    # format.
+    #
+    # See write_handler4.pl for a more rigorous example with error handling.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook    = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("write_handler3.xls");
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $date_format = $workbook->add_format(num_format => 'dd/mm/yy');
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Add a handler to match dates in the following format: d/m/yyyy
+    #
+    # The day and month can be single or double digits.
+    #
+    $worksheet->add_write_handler(qr[^\d{1,2}/\d{1,2}/\d{4}$], \&write_my_date);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # The following function processes the data when a match is found.
+    # See write_handler4.pl for a more rigorous example with error handling.
+    #
+    sub write_my_date {
+    
+        my $worksheet = shift;
+        my @args      = @_;
+    
+        my $token     = $args[2];
+           $token     =~ qr[^(\d{1,2})/(\d{1,2})/(\d{4})$];
+    
+        # Change to the date format required by write_date_time().
+        my $date = sprintf "%4d-%02d-%02dT", $3, $2, $1;
+    
+        $args[2] = $date;
+    
+        return $worksheet->write_date_time(@args);
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Write some dates in the user defined format
+    $worksheet->write('A1', '22/12/2004', $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A2', '1/1/1995',   $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A3', '01/01/1995', $date_format);
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/write_handler3.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: write_handler4.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+WriteExcel write() method.
+
+The following example shows how to add a handler for dates in a specific
+format.
+
+This is a more rigorous version of write_handler3.pl.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/write_handler4.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from write_handler4.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to add a user defined data handler to the Spreadsheet::
+    # WriteExcel write() method.
+    #
+    # The following example shows how to add a handler for dates in a specific
+    # format.
+    #
+    # This is a more rigorous version of write_handler3.pl.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook    = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("write_handler4.xls");
+    my $worksheet   = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    my $date_format = $workbook->add_format(num_format => 'dd/mm/yy');
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Add a handler to match dates in the following formats: d/m/yy, d/m/yyyy
+    #
+    # The day and month can be single or double digits and the year can be  2 or 4
+    # digits.
+    #
+    $worksheet->add_write_handler(qr[^\d{1,2}/\d{1,2}/\d{2,4}$], \&write_my_date);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # The following function processes the data when a match is found.
+    #
+    sub write_my_date {
+    
+        my $worksheet = shift;
+        my @args      = @_;
+    
+        my $token     = $args[2];
+    
+        if ($token =~  qr[^(\d{1,2})/(\d{1,2})/(\d{2,4})$]) {
+    
+            my $day  = $1;
+            my $mon  = $2;
+            my $year = $3;
+    
+            # Use a window for 2 digit dates. This will keep some ragged Perl
+            # programmer employed in thirty years time. :-)
+            if (length $year == 2) {
+                if ($year < 50) {
+                    $year += 2000;
+                }
+                else {
+                    $year += 1900;
+                }
+            }
+    
+            my $date = sprintf "%4d-%02d-%02dT", $year, $mon, $day;
+    
+            # Convert the ISO ISO8601 style string to an Excel date
+            $date = $worksheet->convert_date_time($date);
+    
+            if (defined $date) {
+                # Date was valid
+                $args[2] = $date;
+                return $worksheet->write_number(@args);
+            }
+            else {
+                # Not a valid date therefore write as a string
+                return $worksheet->write_string(@args);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            # Shouldn't happen if the same match is used in the re and sub.
+            return undef;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Write some dates in the user defined format
+    $worksheet->write('A1', '22/12/2004', $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A2', '22/12/04',   $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A3', '2/12/04',    $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A4', '2/5/04',     $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A5', '2/5/95',     $date_format);
+    $worksheet->write('A6', '2/5/1995',   $date_format);
+    
+    # Some erroneous dates
+    $worksheet->write('A8', '2/5/1895',   $date_format); # Date out of Excel range
+    $worksheet->write('A9', '29/2/2003',  $date_format); # Invalid leap day
+    $worksheet->write('A10','50/50/50',   $date_format); # Matches but isn't a date
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/write_handler4.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: write_to_scalar.pl
+
+
+
+An example of writing an Excel file to a Perl scalar using Spreadsheet::
+WriteExcel and the new features of perl 5.8.
+
+For an examples of how to write to a scalar in versions prior to perl 5.8
+see the filehandle.pl program and IO:Scalar.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # An example of writing an Excel file to a Perl scalar using Spreadsheet::
+    # WriteExcel and the new features of perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # For an examples of how to write to a scalar in versions prior to perl 5.8
+    # see the filehandle.pl program and IO:Scalar.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    
+    # Use perl 5.8's feature of using a scalar as a filehandle.
+    my   $fh;
+    my   $str = '';
+    open $fh, '>', \$str or die "Failed to open filehandle: $!";;
+    
+    
+    # Or replace the previous three lines with this:
+    # open my $fh, '>', \my $str or die "Failed to open filehandle: $!";
+    
+    
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExce accepts filehandle as well as file names.
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new($fh);
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    $worksheet->write(0, 0,  "Hi Excel!");
+    
+    $workbook->close();
+    
+    
+    # The Excel file in now in $str. Remember to binmode() the output
+    # filehandle before printing it.
+    binmode STDOUT;
+    print $str;
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/write_to_scalar.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_utf16.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of writing some Unicode text with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+This example shows UTF16 encoding. With perl 5.8 it is also possible to use
+utf8 without modification.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_utf16.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_utf16.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of writing some Unicode text with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # This example shows UTF16 encoding. With perl 5.8 it is also possible to use
+    # utf8 without modification.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('unicode_utf16.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Write the Unicode smiley face (with increased font for legibility)
+    my $smiley    = pack "n", 0x263a;
+    my $big_font  = $workbook->add_format(size => 40);
+    
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('A3', $smiley, $big_font);
+    
+    
+    # Write a phrase in Cyrillic
+    my $uni_str = pack "H*", "042d0442043e002004440440043004370430002004".
+                             "3d043000200440044304410441043a043e043c0021";
+    
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('A5', $uni_str);
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('A7', pack "H*", "0074006500730074");
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_utf16.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_utf16_japan.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of writing some Unicode text with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+
+This creates an Excel file with the word Nippon in 3 character sets.
+
+This example shows UTF16 encoding. With perl 5.8 it is also possible to use
+utf8 without modification.
+
+See also the unicode_2022_jp.pl and unicode_shift_jis.pl examples.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_utf16_japan.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_utf16_japan.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of writing some Unicode text with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
+    #
+    # This creates an Excel file with the word Nippon in 3 character sets.
+    #
+    # This example shows UTF16 encoding. With perl 5.8 it is also possible to use
+    # utf8 without modification.
+    #
+    # See also the unicode_2022_jp.pl and unicode_shift_jis.pl examples.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('unicode_utf16_japan.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Set a Unicode font.
+    my $uni_font  = $workbook->add_format(font => 'Arial Unicode MS');
+    
+    
+    # Create some UTF-16BE Unicode text.
+    my $kanji     = pack 'n*', 0x65e5, 0x672c;
+    my $katakana  = pack 'n*', 0xff86, 0xff8e, 0xff9d;
+    my $hiragana  = pack 'n*', 0x306b, 0x307b, 0x3093;
+    
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('A1', $kanji,    $uni_font);
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('A2', $katakana, $uni_font);
+    $worksheet->write_utf16be_string('A3', $hiragana, $uni_font);
+    
+    
+    $worksheet->write('B1', 'Kanji');
+    $worksheet->write('B2', 'Katakana');
+    $worksheet->write('B3', 'Hiragana');
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_utf16_japan.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_cyrillic.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of writing some Russian cyrillic text using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_cyrillic.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_cyrillic.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of writing some Russian cyrillic text using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2005, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    # In this example we generate utf8 strings from character data but in a
+    # real application we would expect them to come from an external source.
+    #
+    
+    
+    # Create a Russian worksheet name in utf8.
+    my $sheet   = pack "U*", 0x0421, 0x0442, 0x0440, 0x0430, 0x043D, 0x0438,
+                             0x0446, 0x0430;
+    
+    
+    # Create a Russian string.
+    my $str     = pack "U*", 0x0417, 0x0434, 0x0440, 0x0430, 0x0432, 0x0441,
+                             0x0442, 0x0432, 0x0443, 0x0439, 0x0020, 0x041C,
+                             0x0438, 0x0440, 0x0021;
+    
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_cyrillic.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet($sheet . '1');
+    
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 18);
+       $worksheet->write('A1', $str);
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_cyrillic.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_list.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to display all available
+Unicode characters in a font.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_list.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_list.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example using Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to display all available
+    # Unicode characters in a font.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), May 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new('unicode_list.xls');
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    
+    # Set a Unicode font.
+    my $uni_font  = $workbook->add_format(font => 'Arial Unicode MS');
+    
+    # Ascii font for labels.
+    my $courier   = $workbook->add_format(font => 'Courier New');
+    
+    
+    my $char = 0;
+    
+    # Loop through all 32768 UTF-16BE characters.
+    #
+    for my $row (0 .. 2 ** 12 -1) {
+        for my $col (0 .. 31) {
+    
+            last if $char == 0xffff;
+    
+            if ($col % 2 == 0){
+                $worksheet->write_string($row, $col,
+                                               sprintf('0x%04X', $char), $courier);
+            }
+            else {
+                $worksheet->write_utf16be_string($row, $col,
+                                                pack('n', $char++), $uni_font);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_list.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_2022_jp.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Japanese from a file with ISO-2022-JP
+encoded text.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_2022_jp.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_2022_jp.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Japanese from a file with ISO-2022-JP
+    # encoded text.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_2022_jp.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_2022_jp.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(iso-2022-jp)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_2022_jp.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_8859_11.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Thai from a file with ISO-8859-11 encoded text.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_8859_11.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_8859_11.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Thai from a file with ISO-8859-11 encoded text.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_8859_11.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_8859_11.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(iso-8859-11)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_8859_11.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_8859_7.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Greek from a file with ISO-8859-7 encoded text.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_8859_7.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_8859_7.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Greek from a file with ISO-8859-7 encoded text.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_8859_7.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_8859_7.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(iso-8859-7)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_8859_7.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_big5.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Chinese from a file with BIG5 encoded text.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_big5.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_big5.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Chinese from a file with BIG5 encoded text.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_big5.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 80);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_big5.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(big5)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_big5.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_cp1251.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Russian from a file with CP1251 encoded text.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_cp1251.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_cp1251.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Russian from a file with CP1251 encoded text.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_cp1251.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_cp1251.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(cp1251)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_cp1251.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_cp1256.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Arabic text from a CP-1256 encoded file.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_cp1256.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_cp1256.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Arabic text from a CP-1256 encoded file.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_cp1256.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_cp1256.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(cp1256)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_cp1256.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_koi8r.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Russian from a file with KOI8-R encoded text.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_koi8r.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_koi8r.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Russian from a file with KOI8-R encoded text.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_koi8r.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_koi8r.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(koi8-r)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_koi8r.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_polish_utf8.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Polish from a file with UTF8 encoded text.
+
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_polish_utf8.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_polish_utf8.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Polish from a file with UTF8 encoded text.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_polish_utf8.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_polish_utf8.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(utf8)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_polish_utf8.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: unicode_shift_jis.pl
+
+
+
+A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+
+This example generates some Japenese text from a file with Shift-JIS
+encoded text.
+
+
+
+=begin html
+
+<p><center><img src="http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/images/unicode_shift_jis.jpg" width="640" height="420" alt="Output from unicode_shift_jis.pl" /></center></p>
+
+=end html
+
+Source code for this example:
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ##############################################################################
+    #
+    # A simple example of converting some Unicode text to an Excel file using
+    # Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and perl 5.8.
+    #
+    # This example generates some Japenese text from a file with Shift-JIS
+    # encoded text.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), September 2004, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    # Perl 5.8 or later is required for proper utf8 handling. For older perl
+    # versions you should use UTF16 and the write_utf16be_string() method.
+    # See the write_utf16be_string section of the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel docs.
+    #
+    require 5.008;
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("unicode_shift_jis.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+       $worksheet->set_column('A:A', 50);
+    
+    
+    my $file = 'unicode_shift_jis.txt';
+    
+    open FH, '<:encoding(shiftjis)', $file  or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";
+    
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<FH>) {
+        next if /^#/; # Ignore the comments in the sample file.
+        chomp;
+        $worksheet->write($row++, 0,  $_);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/unicode_shift_jis.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: csv2xls.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the WriteExcel module
+
+Simple program to convert a CSV comma-separated value file to an Excel file.
+This is more or less an non-op since Excel can read CSV files.
+The program uses Text::CSV_XS to parse the CSV.
+
+Usage: csv2xls.pl file.csv newfile.xls
+
+
+NOTE: This is only a simple conversion utility for illustrative purposes.
+For converting a CSV or Tab separated or any other type of delimited
+text file to Excel I recommend the more rigorous csv2xls program that is
+part of H.Merijn Brand's Text::CSV_XS module distro.
+
+See the examples/csv2xls link here:
+    L<http://search.cpan.org/~hmbrand/Text-CSV_XS/MANIFEST>
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the WriteExcel module
+    #
+    # Simple program to convert a CSV comma-separated value file to an Excel file.
+    # This is more or less an non-op since Excel can read CSV files.
+    # The program uses Text::CSV_XS to parse the CSV.
+    #
+    # Usage: csv2xls.pl file.csv newfile.xls
+    #
+    #
+    # NOTE: This is only a simple conversion utility for illustrative purposes.
+    # For converting a CSV or Tab separated or any other type of delimited
+    # text file to Excel I recommend the more rigorous csv2xls program that is
+    # part of H.Merijn Brand's Text::CSV_XS module distro.
+    #
+    # See the examples/csv2xls link here:
+    #     L<http://search.cpan.org/~hmbrand/Text-CSV_XS/MANIFEST>
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    use Text::CSV_XS;
+    
+    # Check for valid number of arguments
+    if (($#ARGV < 1) || ($#ARGV > 2)) {
+       die("Usage: csv2xls csvfile.txt newfile.xls\n");
+    };
+    
+    # Open the Comma Separated Variable file
+    open (CSVFILE, $ARGV[0]) or die "$ARGV[0]: $!";
+    
+    # Create a new Excel workbook
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new($ARGV[1]);
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Create a new CSV parsing object
+    my $csv = Text::CSV_XS->new;
+    
+    # Row and column are zero indexed
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    
+    while (<CSVFILE>) {
+        if ($csv->parse($_)) {
+            my @Fld = $csv->fields;
+    
+            my $col = 0;
+            foreach my $token (@Fld) {
+                $worksheet->write($row, $col, $token);
+                $col++;
+            }
+            $row++;
+        }
+        else {
+            my $err = $csv->error_input;
+            print "Text::CSV_XS parse() failed on argument: ", $err, "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/csv2xls.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: tab2xls.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to use the WriteExcel module
+
+The following converts a tab separated file into an Excel file
+
+Usage: tab2xls.pl tabfile.txt newfile.xls
+
+
+NOTE: This is only a simple conversion utility for illustrative purposes.
+For converting a CSV or Tab separated or any other type of delimited
+text file to Excel I recommend the more rigorous csv2xls program that is
+part of H.Merijn Brand's Text::CSV_XS module distro.
+
+See the examples/csv2xls link here:
+    L<http://search.cpan.org/~hmbrand/Text-CSV_XS/MANIFEST>
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to use the WriteExcel module
+    #
+    # The following converts a tab separated file into an Excel file
+    #
+    # Usage: tab2xls.pl tabfile.txt newfile.xls
+    #
+    #
+    # NOTE: This is only a simple conversion utility for illustrative purposes.
+    # For converting a CSV or Tab separated or any other type of delimited
+    # text file to Excel I recommend the more rigorous csv2xls program that is
+    # part of H.Merijn Brand's Text::CSV_XS module distro.
+    #
+    # See the examples/csv2xls link here:
+    #     L<http://search.cpan.org/~hmbrand/Text-CSV_XS/MANIFEST>
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    # Check for valid number of arguments
+    if (($#ARGV < 1) || ($#ARGV > 2)) {
+        die("Usage: tab2xls tabfile.txt newfile.xls\n");
+    };
+    
+    
+    # Open the tab delimited file
+    open (TABFILE, $ARGV[0]) or die "$ARGV[0]: $!";
+    
+    
+    # Create a new Excel workbook
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new($ARGV[1]);
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Row and column are zero indexed
+    my $row = 0;
+    
+    while (<TABFILE>) {
+        chomp;
+        # Split on single tab
+        my @Fld = split('\t', $_);
+    
+        my $col = 0;
+        foreach my $token (@Fld) {
+            $worksheet->write($row, $col, $token);
+            $col++;
+        }
+        $row++;
+    }
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/tab2xls.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: datecalc1.pl
+
+
+
+NOTE: An easier way of writing dates and times is to use the newer
+      write_date_time() Worksheet method. See the date_time.pl example.
+
+
+
+Demonstration of writing date/time cells to Excel spreadsheets,
+using UNIX/Perl time as source of date/time.
+
+
+
+UNIX/Perl time is the time since the Epoch (00:00:00 GMT, 1 Jan 1970)
+measured in seconds.
+
+An Excel file can use exactly one of two different date/time systems.
+In these systems, a floating point number represents the number of days
+(and fractional parts of the day) since a start point. The floating point
+number is referred to as a 'serial'.
+
+The two systems ('1900' and '1904') use different starting points:
+
+ '1900'; '1.00' is 1 Jan 1900 BUT 1900 is erroneously regarded as
+         a leap year - see:
+           http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q181/3/70.asp
+         for the excuse^H^H^H^H^H^Hreason.
+ '1904'; '1.00' is 2 Jan 1904.
+
+The '1904' system is the default for Apple Macs. Windows versions of
+Excel have the option to use the '1904' system.
+
+Note that Visual Basic's "DateSerial" function does NOT erroneously
+regard 1900 as a leap year, and thus its serials do not agree with
+the 1900 serials of Excel for dates before 1 Mar 1900.
+
+Note that StarOffice (at least at version 5.2) does NOT erroneously
+regard 1900 as a leap year, and thus its serials do not agree with
+the 1900 serials of Excel for dates before 1 Mar 1900.
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # NOTE: An easier way of writing dates and times is to use the newer
+    #       write_date_time() Worksheet method. See the date_time.pl example.
+    #
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Demonstration of writing date/time cells to Excel spreadsheets,
+    # using UNIX/Perl time as source of date/time.
+    #
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # UNIX/Perl time is the time since the Epoch (00:00:00 GMT, 1 Jan 1970)
+    # measured in seconds.
+    #
+    # An Excel file can use exactly one of two different date/time systems.
+    # In these systems, a floating point number represents the number of days
+    # (and fractional parts of the day) since a start point. The floating point
+    # number is referred to as a 'serial'.
+    #
+    # The two systems ('1900' and '1904') use different starting points:
+    #
+    #  '1900'; '1.00' is 1 Jan 1900 BUT 1900 is erroneously regarded as
+    #          a leap year - see:
+    #            http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q181/3/70.asp
+    #          for the excuse^H^H^H^H^H^Hreason.
+    #  '1904'; '1.00' is 2 Jan 1904.
+    #
+    # The '1904' system is the default for Apple Macs. Windows versions of
+    # Excel have the option to use the '1904' system.
+    #
+    # Note that Visual Basic's "DateSerial" function does NOT erroneously
+    # regard 1900 as a leap year, and thus its serials do not agree with
+    # the 1900 serials of Excel for dates before 1 Mar 1900.
+    #
+    # Note that StarOffice (at least at version 5.2) does NOT erroneously
+    # regard 1900 as a leap year, and thus its serials do not agree with
+    # the 1900 serials of Excel for dates before 1 Mar 1900.
+    #
+    
+    # Copyright 2000, Andrew Benham, adsb@bigfoot.com
+    #
+    
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Calculation description
+    # =======================
+    #
+    # 1900 system
+    # -----------
+    # Unix time is '0' at 00:00:00 GMT 1 Jan 1970, i.e. 70 years after 1 Jan 1900.
+    # Of those 70 years, 17 (1904,08,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68)
+    # were leap years with an extra day.
+    # Thus there were 17 + 70*365 days = 25567 days between 1 Jan 1900 and
+    # 1 Jan 1970.
+    # In the 1900 system, '1' is 1 Jan 1900, but as 1900 was not a leap year
+    # 1 Jan 1900 should really be '2', so 1 Jan 1970 is '25569'.
+    #
+    # 1904 system
+    # -----------
+    # Unix time is '0' at 00:00:00 GMT 1 Jan 1970, i.e. 66 years after 1 Jan 1904.
+    # Of those 66 years, 17 (1904,08,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68)
+    # were leap years with an extra day.
+    # Thus there were 17 + 66*365 days = 24107 days between 1 Jan 1904 and
+    # 1 Jan 1970.
+    # In the 1904 system, 2 Jan 1904 being '1', 1 Jan 1970 is '24107'.
+    #
+    ######################################################################
+    #
+    # Copyright (c) 2000, Andrew Benham.
+    # This program is free software. It may be used, redistributed and/or
+    # modified under the same terms as Perl itself.
+    #
+    # Andrew Benham, adsb@bigfoot.com
+    # London, United Kingdom
+    # 11 Nov 2000
+    #
+    ######################################################################
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    use Time::Local;
+    
+    use vars qw/$DATE_SYSTEM/;
+    
+    # Use 1900 date system on all platforms other than Apple Mac (for which
+    # use 1904 date system).
+    $DATE_SYSTEM = ($^O eq 'MacOS') ? 1 : 0;
+    
+    my $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("dates.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    my $format_date =  $workbook->add_format();
+    $format_date->set_num_format('d mmmm yyy');
+    
+    $worksheet->set_column(0,1,21);
+    
+    $worksheet->write_string (0,0,"The epoch (GMT)");
+    $worksheet->write_number (0,1,&calc_serial(0,1),0x16);
+    
+    $worksheet->write_string (1,0,"The epoch (localtime)");
+    $worksheet->write_number (1,1,&calc_serial(0,0),0x16);
+    
+    $worksheet->write_string (2,0,"Today");
+    $worksheet->write_number (2,1,&calc_serial(),$format_date);
+    
+    my $christmas2000 = timelocal(0,0,0,25,11,100);
+    $worksheet->write_string (3,0,"Christmas 2000");
+    $worksheet->write_number (3,1,&calc_serial($christmas2000),$format_date);
+    
+    $workbook->close();
+    
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------
+    # calc_serial()
+    #
+    # Called with (up to) 2 parameters.
+    #   1.  Unix timestamp.  If omitted, uses current time.
+    #   2.  GMT flag. Set to '1' to return serial in GMT.
+    #       If omitted, returns serial in appropriate timezone.
+    #
+    # Returns date/time serial according to $DATE_SYSTEM selected
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------
+    sub calc_serial {
+    	my $time = (defined $_[0]) ? $_[0] : time();
+    	my $gmtflag = (defined $_[1]) ? $_[1] : 0;
+    
+    	# Divide timestamp by number of seconds in a day.
+    	# This gives a date serial with '0' on 1 Jan 1970.
+    	my $serial = $time / 86400;
+    
+    	# Adjust the date serial by the offset appropriate to the
+    	# currently selected system (1900/1904).
+    	if ($DATE_SYSTEM == 0) {	# use 1900 system
+    		$serial += 25569;
+    	} else {			# use 1904 system
+    		$serial += 24107;
+    	}
+    
+    	unless ($gmtflag) {
+    		# Now have a 'raw' serial with the right offset. But this
+    		# gives a serial in GMT, which is false unless the timezone
+    		# is GMT. We need to adjust the serial by the appropriate
+    		# timezone offset.
+    		# Calculate the appropriate timezone offset by seeing what
+    		# the differences between localtime and gmtime for the given
+    		# time are.
+    
+    		my @gmtime = gmtime($time);
+    		my @ltime  = localtime($time);
+    
+    		# For the first 7 elements of the two arrays, adjust the
+    		# date serial where the elements differ.
+    		for (0 .. 6) {
+    			my $diff = $ltime[$_] - $gmtime[$_];
+    			if ($diff) {
+    				$serial += _adjustment($diff,$_);
+    			}
+    		}
+    	}
+    
+    	# Perpetuate the error that 1900 was a leap year by decrementing
+    	# the serial if we're using the 1900 system and the date is prior to
+    	# 1 Mar 1900. This has the effect of making serial value '60'
+    	# 29 Feb 1900.
+    
+    	# This fix only has any effect if UNIX/Perl time on the platform
+    	# can represent 1900. Many can't.
+    
+    	unless ($DATE_SYSTEM) {
+    		$serial-- if ($serial < 61);	# '61' is 1 Mar 1900
+    	}
+    	return $serial;
+    }
+    
+    sub _adjustment {
+    	# Based on the difference in the localtime/gmtime array elements
+    	# number, return the adjustment required to the serial.
+    
+    	# We only look at some elements of the localtime/gmtime arrays:
+    	#    seconds    unlikely to be different as all known timezones
+    	#               have an offset of integral multiples of 15 minutes,
+    	#		but it's easy to do.
+    	#    minutes    will be different for timezone offsets which are
+    	#		not an exact number of hours.
+    	#    hours	very likely to be different.
+    	#    weekday	will differ when localtime/gmtime difference
+    	#		straddles midnight.
+    	#
+    	# Assume that difference between localtime and gmtime is less than
+    	# 5 days, then don't have to do maths for day of month, month number,
+    	# year number, etc...
+    
+    	my ($delta,$element) = @_;
+    	my $adjust = 0;
+    
+    	if ($element == 0) {		# Seconds
+    		$adjust = $delta/86400;		# 60 * 60 * 24
+    	} elsif ($element == 1) {	# Minutes
+    		$adjust = $delta/1440;		# 60 * 24
+    	} elsif ($element == 2) {	# Hours
+    		$adjust = $delta/24;		# 24
+    	} elsif ($element == 6) {	# Day of week number
+    		# Catch difference straddling Sat/Sun in either direction
+    		$delta += 7 if ($delta < -4);
+    		$delta -= 7 if ($delta > 4);
+    
+    		$adjust = $delta;
+    	}
+    	return $adjust;
+    }
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/datecalc1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: datecalc2.pl
+
+
+
+Example of how to using the Date::Calc module to calculate Excel dates.
+
+NOTE: An easier way of writing dates and times is to use the newer
+      write_date_time() Worksheet method. See the date_time.pl example.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Example of how to using the Date::Calc module to calculate Excel dates.
+    #
+    # NOTE: An easier way of writing dates and times is to use the newer
+    #       write_date_time() Worksheet method. See the date_time.pl example.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), June 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    use Date::Calc qw(Delta_DHMS); # You may need to install this module.
+    
+    
+    # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("excel_date2.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Expand the first column so that the date is visible.
+    $worksheet->set_column("A:A", 25);
+    
+    
+    # Add a format for the date
+    my $format =  $workbook->add_format();
+    $format->set_num_format('d mmmm yyy HH:MM:SS');
+    
+    
+    my $date;
+    
+    # Write some dates and times
+    $date =  excel_date(1900, 1, 1);
+    $worksheet->write("A1", $date, $format);
+    
+    $date =  excel_date(2000, 1, 1);
+    $worksheet->write("A2", $date, $format);
+    
+    $date =  excel_date(2000, 4, 17, 14, 33, 15);
+    $worksheet->write("A3", $date, $format);
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # excel_date($years, $months, $days, $hours, $minutes, $seconds)
+    #
+    # Create an Excel date in the 1900 format. All of the arguments are optional
+    # but you should at least add $years.
+    #
+    # Corrects for Excel's missing leap day in 1900. See excel_time1.pl for an
+    # explanation.
+    #
+    sub excel_date {
+    
+        my $years   = $_[0] || 1900;
+        my $months  = $_[1] || 1;
+        my $days    = $_[2] || 1;
+        my $hours   = $_[3] || 0;
+        my $minutes = $_[4] || 0;
+        my $seconds = $_[5] || 0;
+    
+        my @date = ($years, $months, $days, $hours, $minutes, $seconds);
+        my @epoch = (1899, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0);
+    
+        ($days, $hours, $minutes, $seconds) = Delta_DHMS(@epoch, @date);
+    
+        my $date = $days + ($hours*3600 +$minutes*60 +$seconds)/(24*60*60);
+    
+        # Add a day for Excel's missing leap day in 1900
+        $date++ if ($date > 59);
+    
+        return $date;
+    }
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # excel_date($years, $months, $days, $hours, $minutes, $seconds)
+    #
+    # Create an Excel date in the 1904 format. All of the arguments are optional
+    # but you should at least add $years.
+    #
+    # You will also need to call $workbook->set_1904() for this format to be valid.
+    #
+    sub excel_date_1904 {
+    
+        my $years   = $_[0] || 1900;
+        my $months  = $_[1] || 1;
+        my $days    = $_[2] || 1;
+        my $hours   = $_[3] || 0;
+        my $minutes = $_[4] || 0;
+        my $seconds = $_[5] || 0;
+    
+        my @date = ($years, $months, $days, $hours, $minutes, $seconds);
+        my @epoch = (1904, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+    
+        ($days, $hours, $minutes, $seconds) = Delta_DHMS(@epoch, @date);
+    
+        my $date = $days + ($hours*3600 +$minutes*60 +$seconds)/(24*60*60);
+    
+        return $date;
+    }
+    
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/datecalc2.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: lecxe.pl
+
+
+Utility program to convert an Excel file into a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+program using Win32::OLE
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    #
+    # Utility program to convert an Excel file into a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
+    # program using Win32::OLE
+    #
+    
+    #
+    # lecxe program
+    # by t0mas@netlords.net
+    #
+    # Version  0.01a    Initial release (alpha)
+    
+    
+    # Modules
+    use strict;
+    use Win32::OLE;
+    use Win32::OLE::Const;
+    use Getopt::Std;
+    
+    
+    # Vars
+    use vars qw(%opts);
+    
+    
+    # Get options
+    getopts('i:o:v',\%opts);
+    
+    
+    # Not enough options
+    exit &usage unless ($opts{i} && $opts{o});
+    
+    
+    # Create Excel object
+    my $Excel = new Win32::OLE("Excel.Application","Quit") or
+            die "Can't start excel: $!";
+    
+    
+    # Get constants
+    my $ExcelConst=Win32::OLE::Const->Load("Microsoft Excel");
+    
+    
+    # Show Excel
+    $Excel->{Visible} = 1 if ($opts{v});
+    
+    
+    # Open infile
+    my $Workbook = $Excel->Workbooks->Open({Filename=>$opts{i}});
+    
+    
+    # Open outfile
+    open (OUTFILE,">$opts{o}") or die "Can't open outfile $opts{o}: $!";
+    
+    
+    # Print header for outfile
+    print OUTFILE <<'EOH';
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    
+    use vars qw($workbook %worksheets %formats);
+    
+    
+    $workbook = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("_change_me_.xls");
+    
+    
+    EOH
+    
+    
+    # Loop all sheets
+    foreach my $sheetnum (1..$Excel->Workbooks(1)->Worksheets->Count) {
+    
+    
+            # Format sheet
+            my $name=$Excel->Workbooks(1)->Worksheets($sheetnum)->Name;
+            print "Sheet $name\n" if ($opts{v});
+            print OUTFILE "# Sheet $name\n";
+            print OUTFILE "\$worksheets{'$name'} = \$workbook->add_worksheet('$name');\n";
+    
+    
+            # Get usedrange of cells in worksheet
+            my $usedrange=$Excel->Workbooks(1)->Worksheets($sheetnum)->UsedRange;
+    
+    
+            # Loop all columns in used range
+            foreach my $j (1..$usedrange->Columns->Count){
+    
+    
+                    # Format column
+                    print "Col $j\n" if ($opts{v});
+                    my ($colwidth);
+                    $colwidth=$usedrange->Columns($j)->ColumnWidth;
+                    print OUTFILE "# Column $j\n";
+                    print OUTFILE "\$worksheets{'$name'}->set_column(".($j-1).",".($j-1).
+                            ", $colwidth);\n";
+    
+    
+                    # Loop all rows in used range
+                    foreach my $i (1..$usedrange->Rows->Count){
+    
+    
+                            # Format row
+                            print "Row $i\n" if ($opts{v});
+                            print OUTFILE "# Row $i\n";
+                            do {
+                                    my ($rowheight);
+                                    $rowheight=$usedrange->Rows($i)->RowHeight;
+                                    print OUTFILE "\$worksheets{'$name'}->set_row(".($i-1).
+                                            ", $rowheight);\n";
+                            } if ($j==1);
+    
+    
+                            # Start creating cell format
+                            my $fname="\$formats{'".$name.'R'.$i.'C'.$j."'}";
+                            my $format="$fname=\$workbook->add_format();\n";
+                            my $print_format=0;
+    
+                            # Check for borders
+                            my @bfnames=qw(left right top bottom);
+                            foreach my $k (1..$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Borders->Count) {
+                                    my $lstyle=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Borders($k)->LineStyle;
+                                    if ($lstyle > 0) {
+                                            $format.=$fname."->set_".$bfnames[$k-1]."($lstyle);\n";
+                                            $print_format=1;
+                                    }
+                            }
+    
+    
+                            # Check for font
+                            my ($fontattr,$prop,$func,%fontsets,$fontColor);
+                            %fontsets=(Name=>'set_font',
+                                                    Size=>'set_size');
+                            while (($prop,$func) = each %fontsets) {
+                                    $fontattr=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Font->$prop;
+                                    if ($fontattr ne "") {
+                                            $format.=$fname."->$func('$fontattr');\n";
+                                            $print_format=1;
+                                    }
+    
+    
+                            }
+                            %fontsets=(Bold=>'set_bold(1)',
+                                                    Italic=>'set_italic(1)',
+                                                    Underline=>'set_underline(1)',
+                                                    Strikethrough=>'set_strikeout(1)',
+                                                    Superscript=>'set_script(1)',
+                                                    Subscript=>'set_script(2)',
+                                                    OutlineFont=>'set_outline(1)',
+                                                    Shadow=>'set_shadow(1)');
+                            while (($prop,$func) = each %fontsets) {
+                                    $fontattr=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Font->$prop;
+                                    if ($fontattr==1) {
+                                            $format.=$fname."->$func;\n" ;
+    
+                                            $print_format=1;
+                                    }
+                            }
+                            $fontColor=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Font->ColorIndex();
+                            if ($fontColor>0&&$fontColor!=$ExcelConst->{xlColorIndexAutomatic}) {
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_color(".($fontColor+7).");\n" ;
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+    
+    
+    
+                            # Check text alignment, merging and wrapping
+                            my ($halign,$valign,$merge,$wrap);
+                            $halign=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->HorizontalAlignment;
+                            my %hAligns=($ExcelConst->{xlHAlignCenter}=>"'center'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlHAlignJustify}=>"'justify'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlHAlignLeft}=>"'left'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlHAlignRight}=>"'right'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlHAlignFill}=>"'fill'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlHAlignCenterAcrossSelection}=>"'merge'");
+                            if ($halign!=$ExcelConst->{xlHAlignGeneral}) {
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_align($hAligns{$halign});\n";
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+                            $valign=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->VerticalAlignment;
+                            my %vAligns=($ExcelConst->{xlVAlignBottom}=>"'bottom'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlVAlignCenter}=>"'vcenter'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlVAlignJustify}=>"'vjustify'",
+                                    $ExcelConst->{xlVAlignTop}=>"'top'");
+                            if ($valign) {
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_align($vAligns{$valign});\n";
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+                            $merge=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->MergeCells;
+                            if ($merge==1) {
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_merge();\n";
+    
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+                            $wrap=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->WrapText;
+                            if ($wrap==1) {
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_text_wrap(1);\n";
+    
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+    
+    
+                            # Check patterns
+                            my ($pattern,%pats);
+                            %pats=(-4142=>0,-4125=>2,-4126=>3,-4124=>4,-4128=>5,-4166=>6,
+                                            -4121=>7,-4162=>8);
+                            $pattern=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Interior->Pattern;
+                            if ($pattern&&$pattern!=$ExcelConst->{xlPatternAutomatic}) {
+                                    $pattern=$pats{$pattern} if ($pattern<0 && defined $pats{$pattern});
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_pattern($pattern);\n";
+    
+                                    # Colors fg/bg
+                                    my ($cIndex);
+                                    $cIndex=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Interior->PatternColorIndex;
+                                    if ($cIndex>0&&$cIndex!=$ExcelConst->{xlColorIndexAutomatic}) {
+                                            $format.=$fname."->set_bg_color(".($cIndex+7).");\n";
+                                    }
+                                    $cIndex=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Interior->ColorIndex;
+                                    if ($cIndex>0&&$cIndex!=$ExcelConst->{xlColorIndexAutomatic}) {
+                                            $format.=$fname."->set_fg_color(".($cIndex+7).");\n";
+                                    }
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+    
+    
+                            # Check for number format
+                            my ($num_format);
+                            $num_format=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->NumberFormat;
+                            if ($num_format ne "") {
+                                    $format.=$fname."->set_num_format('$num_format');\n";
+                                    $print_format=1;
+                            }
+    
+    
+                            # Check for contents (text or formula)
+                            my ($contents);
+                            $contents=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Formula;
+                            $contents=$usedrange->Cells($i,$j)->Text if ($contents eq "");
+    
+    
+                            # Print cell
+                            if ($contents ne "" or $print_format) {
+                                    print OUTFILE "# Cell($i,$j)\n";
+                                    print OUTFILE $format if ($print_format);
+                                    print OUTFILE "\$worksheets{'$name'}->write(".($i-1).",".($j-1).
+                                            ",'$contents'";
+                                    print OUTFILE ",$fname" if ($print_format);
+                                    print OUTFILE ");\n";
+                            }
+                    }
+            }
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Famous last words...
+    print OUTFILE "\$workbook->close();\n";
+    
+    
+    # Close outfile
+    close (OUTFILE) or die "Can't close outfile $opts{o}: $!";
+    
+    
+    ####################################################################
+    sub usage {
+            printf STDERR "usage: $0 [options]\n".
+                    "\tOptions:\n".
+                    "\t\t-v       \tverbose mode\n" .
+                    "\t\t-i <name>\tname of input file\n" .
+                    "\t\t-o <name>\tname of output file\n";
+    }
+    
+    
+    ####################################################################
+    sub END {
+            # Quit excel
+            do {
+                    $Excel->{DisplayAlerts} = 0;
+                    $Excel->Quit;
+            } if (defined $Excel);
+    }
+    
+    
+    __END__
+    
+    
+    =head1 NAME
+    
+    
+    lecxe - A Excel file to Spreadsheet::WriteExcel code converter
+    
+    
+    =head1 DESCRIPTION
+    
+    
+    This program takes an MS Excel workbook file as input and from
+    that file, produces an output file with Perl code that uses the
+    Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module to reproduce the original
+    file.
+    
+    
+    =head1 STUFF
+    
+    
+    Additional hands-on editing of the output file might be neccecary
+    as:
+    
+    
+    * This program always names the file produced by output script
+      _change_me_.xls
+    
+    
+    * Users of international Excel versions will have som work to do
+      on list separators and numeric punctation characters.
+    
+    
+    =head1 SEE ALSO
+    
+    
+    L<Win32::OLE>, L<Win32::OLE::Variant>, L<Spreadsheet::WriteExcel>
+    
+    
+    =head1 BUGS
+    
+    
+    * Picks wrong color on cells sometimes.
+    
+    
+    * Probably a few other...
+    
+    
+    =head1 DISCLAIMER
+    
+    
+    I do not guarantee B<ANYTHING> with this program. If you use it you
+    are doing so B<AT YOUR OWN RISK>! I may or may not support this
+    depending on my time schedule...
+    
+    
+    =head1 AUTHOR
+    
+    
+    t0mas@netlords.net
+    
+    
+    =head1 COPYRIGHT
+    
+    
+    Copyright 2001, t0mas@netlords.net
+    
+    
+    This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+    modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/lecxe.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: convertA1.pl
+
+
+
+This program contains helper functions to deal with the Excel A1 cell
+reference  notation.
+
+These functions have been superseded by L<Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Utility>.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This program contains helper functions to deal with the Excel A1 cell
+    # reference  notation.
+    #
+    # These functions have been superseded by L<Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Utility>.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    
+    print "\n";
+    print "Cell B7   is equivalent to (";
+    print join " ", cell_to_rowcol('B7');
+    print ") in row column notation.\n";
+    
+    print "Cell \$B7  is equivalent to (";
+    print join " ", cell_to_rowcol('$B7');
+    print ") in row column notation.\n";
+    
+    print "Cell B\$7  is equivalent to (";
+    print join " ", cell_to_rowcol('B$7');
+    print ") in row column notation.\n";
+    
+    print "Cell \$B\$7 is equivalent to (";
+    print join " ", cell_to_rowcol('$B$7');
+    print ") in row column notation.\n\n";
+    
+    print "Row and column (1999, 29)       are equivalent to ";
+    print rowcol_to_cell(1999, 29),   ".\n";
+    
+    print "Row and column (1999, 29, 0, 1) are equivalent to ";
+    print rowcol_to_cell(1999, 29, 0, 1),   ".\n\n";
+    
+    print "The base cell is:     Z7\n";
+    print "Increment the row:    ", inc_cell_row('Z7'), "\n";
+    print "Decrement the row:    ", dec_cell_row('Z7'), "\n";
+    print "Increment the column: ", inc_cell_col('Z7'), "\n";
+    print "Decrement the column: ", dec_cell_col('Z7'), "\n\n";
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # rowcol_to_cell($row, $col, $row_absolute, $col_absolute)
+    #
+    # Convert a zero based row and column reference to a A1 reference. For example
+    # (0, 2) to C1. $row_absolute, $col_absolute are optional. They are boolean
+    # values used to indicate if the row or column value is absolute, i.e. if it is
+    # prefixed by a $ sign: eg. (0, 2, 0, 1) converts to $C1.
+    #
+    # Returns: a cell reference string.
+    #
+    sub rowcol_to_cell {
+    
+        my $row     = $_[0];
+        my $col     = $_[1];
+        my $row_abs = $_[2] || 0;
+        my $col_abs = $_[3] || 0;
+    
+    
+        if ($row_abs) {
+            $row_abs = '$'
+        }
+        else {
+            $row_abs = ''
+        }
+    
+        if ($col_abs) {
+            $col_abs = '$'
+        }
+        else {
+            $col_abs = ''
+        }
+    
+    
+        my $int  = int ($col / 26);
+        my $frac = $col % 26 +1;
+    
+        my $chr1 ='';
+        my $chr2 ='';
+    
+    
+        if ($frac != 0) {
+            $chr2 = chr (ord('A') + $frac -1);;
+        }
+    
+        if ($int > 0) {
+            $chr1 = chr (ord('A') + $int  -1);
+        }
+    
+        $row++;     # Zero index to 1-index
+    
+        return $col_abs . $chr1 . $chr2 . $row_abs. $row;
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # cell_to_rowcol($cell_ref)
+    #
+    # Convert an Excel cell reference in A1 notation to a zero based row and column
+    # reference; converts C1 to (0, 2, 0, 0).
+    #
+    # Returns: row, column, row_is_absolute, column_is_absolute
+    #
+    #
+    sub cell_to_rowcol {
+    
+        my $cell = shift;
+    
+        $cell =~ /(\$?)([A-I]?[A-Z])(\$?)(\d+)/;
+    
+        my $col_abs = $1 eq "" ? 0 : 1;
+        my $col     = $2;
+        my $row_abs = $3 eq "" ? 0 : 1;
+        my $row     = $4;
+    
+        # Convert base26 column string to number
+        # All your Base are belong to us.
+        my @chars  = split //, $col;
+        my $expn   = 0;
+        $col       = 0;
+    
+        while (@chars) {
+            my $char = pop(@chars); # LS char first
+            $col += (ord($char) -ord('A') +1) * (26**$expn);
+            $expn++;
+        }
+    
+        # Convert 1-index to zero-index
+        $row--;
+        $col--;
+    
+        return $row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs;
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # inc_cell_row($cell_ref)
+    #
+    # Increments the row number of an Excel cell reference in A1 notation.
+    # For example C3 to C4
+    #
+    # Returns: a cell reference string.
+    #
+    sub inc_cell_row {
+    
+        my $cell = shift;
+        my ($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs) = cell_to_rowcol($cell);
+    
+        $row++;
+    
+        return rowcol_to_cell($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # dec_cell_row($cell_ref)
+    #
+    # Decrements the row number of an Excel cell reference in A1 notation.
+    # For example C4 to C3
+    #
+    # Returns: a cell reference string.
+    #
+    sub dec_cell_row {
+    
+        my $cell = shift;
+        my ($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs) = cell_to_rowcol($cell);
+    
+        $row--;
+    
+        return rowcol_to_cell($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # inc_cell_col($cell_ref)
+    #
+    # Increments the column number of an Excel cell reference in A1 notation.
+    # For example C3 to D3
+    #
+    # Returns: a cell reference string.
+    #
+    sub inc_cell_col {
+    
+        my $cell = shift;
+        my ($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs) = cell_to_rowcol($cell);
+    
+        $col++;
+    
+        return rowcol_to_cell($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs);
+    }
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # dec_cell_col($cell_ref)
+    #
+    # Decrements the column number of an Excel cell reference in A1 notation.
+    # For example D3 to C3
+    #
+    # Returns: a cell reference string.
+    #
+    sub dec_cell_col {
+    
+        my $cell = shift;
+        my ($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs) = cell_to_rowcol($cell);
+    
+        $col--;
+    
+        return rowcol_to_cell($row, $col, $row_abs, $col_abs);
+    }
+    
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/convertA1.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: function_locale.pl
+
+
+
+Generate function names for different locales.
+
+This program can be used to generate the hash of known functions for use in
+the Formula.pm module. By default the function names are in English but you
+can also choose to support the following languages: German, French, Spanish,
+Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, Italian and Swedish.
+
+This would allow you to do something like the following:
+
+      $worksheet->write(0, 0, '=SUM(C1:C3)'  );
+      $worksheet->write(1, 0, '=SUMME(C1:C3)');
+      $worksheet->write(2, 0, '=SOMME(C1:C3)');
+      $worksheet->write(3, 0, '=SUMA(C1:C3)' );
+      $worksheet->write(4, 0, '=SOMA(C1:C3)' );
+      $worksheet->write(5, 0, '=SOM(C1:C3)'  );
+      $worksheet->write(6, 0, '=SUMMA(C1:C3)');
+      $worksheet->write(7, 0, '=SOMMA(C1:C3)');
+
+Unfortunately, if you wish to support more than one language there are some
+conflicts between function names:
+
+      Function        Language 1              Language 2
+      ========        ==========              ==========
+      NB              French                  Dutch
+      NA              English/French          Finnish
+      TRIM            French                  English
+      DIA             Spanish/Portuguese      German
+
+Therefore, if you try to generate a hash of function names to support both
+French and English then the function TRIM will be assigned the meaning of the
+first language that defines it, which in this case is French. You can get
+around this by renaming the function for one of the languages and documenting
+the change, for example: TRIM.EN or TRIM.FR.
+
+Please note that this only partially solves the problem of localisation.
+There are also number formats to consider (1.5 == 1,5) and the fact that the
+list separator "," and the array separator ";" are interchanged in different
+locales.
+
+The longest function name is LOI.NORMALE.STANDARD.INVERSE (29 chars) followed
+by NORM.JAKAUMA.NORMIT.KÄÄNT (25 chars).
+The shortest function name in all languages is T.
+
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Generate function names for different locales.
+    #
+    # This program can be used to generate the hash of known functions for use in
+    # the Formula.pm module. By default the function names are in English but you
+    # can also choose to support the following languages: German, French, Spanish,
+    # Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, Italian and Swedish.
+    #
+    # This would allow you to do something like the following:
+    #
+    #       $worksheet->write(0, 0, '=SUM(C1:C3)'  );
+    #       $worksheet->write(1, 0, '=SUMME(C1:C3)');
+    #       $worksheet->write(2, 0, '=SOMME(C1:C3)');
+    #       $worksheet->write(3, 0, '=SUMA(C1:C3)' );
+    #       $worksheet->write(4, 0, '=SOMA(C1:C3)' );
+    #       $worksheet->write(5, 0, '=SOM(C1:C3)'  );
+    #       $worksheet->write(6, 0, '=SUMMA(C1:C3)');
+    #       $worksheet->write(7, 0, '=SOMMA(C1:C3)');
+    #
+    # Unfortunately, if you wish to support more than one language there are some
+    # conflicts between function names:
+    #
+    #       Function        Language 1              Language 2
+    #       ========        ==========              ==========
+    #       NB              French                  Dutch
+    #       NA              English/French          Finnish
+    #       TRIM            French                  English
+    #       DIA             Spanish/Portuguese      German
+    #
+    # Therefore, if you try to generate a hash of function names to support both
+    # French and English then the function TRIM will be assigned the meaning of the
+    # first language that defines it, which in this case is French. You can get
+    # around this by renaming the function for one of the languages and documenting
+    # the change, for example: TRIM.EN or TRIM.FR.
+    #
+    # Please note that this only partially solves the problem of localisation.
+    # There are also number formats to consider (1.5 == 1,5) and the fact that the
+    # list separator "," and the array separator ";" are interchanged in different
+    # locales.
+    #
+    # The longest function name is LOI.NORMALE.STANDARD.INVERSE (29 chars) followed
+    # by NORM.JAKAUMA.NORMIT.KÄÄNT (25 chars).
+    # The shortest function name in all languages is T.
+    #
+    #
+    # reverse('©'); John McNamara, March 2001, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    
+    
+    use strict;
+    
+    
+    #
+    # Modify the following variables to add the language to the function name hash
+    #
+    my $english    = 1;
+    my $german     = 0;
+    my $french     = 0;
+    my $spanish    = 0;
+    my $portuguese = 0;
+    my $dutch      = 0;
+    my $finnish    = 0;
+    my $italian    = 0;
+    my $swedish    = 0;
+    
+    my %funcs;
+    
+    # Ignore the headings
+    <DATA>;
+    
+    # Print the beginning of the hash definition
+    print "    %functions  = (\n";
+    print "        #" . " " x 37 ;
+    print "ptg  args  class  vol\n";
+    
+    while (<DATA>){
+        my @F = split " ";
+        my $value = $F[0];
+        my $args  = $F[1];
+        my $ref   = $F[2];
+        my $vol   = $F[3];
+    
+        print_function($F[4],  $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $english;
+        print_function($F[5],  $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $german;
+        print_function($F[6],  $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $french;
+        print_function($F[7],  $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $spanish;
+        print_function($F[8],  $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $portuguese;
+        print_function($F[9],  $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $dutch;
+        print_function($F[10], $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $finnish;
+        print_function($F[11], $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $italian;
+        print_function($F[12], $value, $args, $ref, $vol) if $swedish;
+    }
+    # Print the end of the hash definition
+    print "    );\n";
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # Function to print the function names. It prints a warning if there is a
+    # clash.
+    #
+    sub print_function {
+    
+        my $func  = shift;
+        my $value = shift;
+        my $args  = shift;
+        my $ref   = shift;
+        my $vol   = shift;
+    
+        $func = "'$func'";
+    
+        if (not exists $funcs{$func}) {
+            printf("        %-31s => [%4d, %4d, %4d, %4d ],\n",
+                                       $func, $value, $args, $ref, $vol);
+            $funcs{$func} = $value;
+        }
+        else {
+            if ($funcs{$func} != $value) {
+                print "        # Warning ";
+                print $func, " is already defined in another language\n";
+                printf("        #%-31s => [%4d, %4d, %4d, %4d ],\n",
+                                            $func, $value, $args, $ref, $vol);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    # Note: The following data contains the function names in the various
+    # languages. These lines are LONG.
+    
+    __DATA__
+    Value   Args    Refclass   Volatile   English                            German                             French                             Spanish                            Portuguese                         Dutch                        Finnish                            Italian                            Swedish
+    0       -1      0          0          COUNT                              ANZAHL                             NB                                 CONTAR                             CONT.NÚM                           AANTAL                       LASKE                              CONTA.NUMERI                       ANTAL
+    1       -1      1          0          IF                                 WENN                               SI                                 SI                                 SE                                 ALS                          JOS                                SE                                 OM
+    2        1      1          0          ISNA                               ISTNV                              ESTNA                              ESNOD                              É.NÃO.DISP                         ISNB                         ONPUUTTUU                          VAL.NON.DISP                       ÄRSAKNAD
+    3        1      1          0          ISERROR                            ISTFEHLER                          ESTERREUR                          ESERROR                            ÉERROS                             ISFOUT                       ONVIRHE                            VAL.ERRORE                         ÄRFEL
+    4       -1      0          0          SUM                                SUMME                              SOMME                              SUMA                               SOMA                               SOM                          SUMMA                              SOMMA                              SUMMA
+    5       -1      0          0          AVERAGE                            MITTELWERT                         MOYENNE                            PROMEDIO                           MÉDIA                              GEMIDDELDE                   KESKIARVO                          MEDIA                              MEDEL
+    6       -1      0          0          MIN                                MIN                                MIN                                MIN                                MÍNIMO                             MIN                          MIN                                MIN                                MIN
+    7       -1      0          0          MAX                                MAX                                MAX                                MAX                                MÁXIMO                             MAX                          MAKS                               MAX                                MAX
+    8       -1      0          0          ROW                                ZEILE                              LIGNE                              FILA                               LIN                                RIJ                          RIVI                               RIF.RIGA                           RAD
+    9       -1      0          0          COLUMN                             SPALTE                             COLONNE                            COLUMNA                            COL                                KOLOM                        SARAKE                             RIF.COLONNA                        KOLUMN
+    10       0      0          0          NA                                 NV                                 NA                                 NOD                                NÃO.DISP                           NB                           PUUTTUU                            NON.DISP                           SAKNAS
+    11      -1      1          0          NPV                                NBW                                VAN                                VNA                                VPL                                NHW                          NNA                                VAN                                NETNUVÄRDE
+    12      -1      0          0          STDEV                              STABW                              ECARTYPE                           DESVEST                            DESVPAD                            STDEV                        KESKIHAJONTA                       DEV.ST                             STDAV
+    13      -1      1          0          DOLLAR                             DM                                 FRANC                              MONEDA                             MOEDA                              GULDEN                       VALUUTTA                           VALUTA                             VALUTA
+    14      -1      1          0          FIXED                              FEST                               CTXT                               DECIMAL                            DEF.NÚM.DEC                        VAST                         KIINTEÄ                            FISSO                              FASTTAL
+    15       1      1          0          SIN                                SIN                                SIN                                SENO                               SEN                                SIN                          SIN                                SEN                                SIN
+    16       1      1          0          COS                                COS                                COS                                COS                                COS                                COS                          COS                                COS                                COS
+    17       1      1          0          TAN                                TAN                                TAN                                TAN                                TAN                                TAN                          TAN                                TAN                                TAN
+    18       1      1          0          ATAN                               ARCTAN                             ATAN                               ATAN                               ATAN                               BOOGTAN                      ATAN                               ARCTAN                             ARCTAN
+    19       0      1          0          PI                                 PI                                 PI                                 PI                                 PI                                 PI                           PII                                PI.GRECO                           PI
+    20       1      1          0          SQRT                               WURZEL                             RACINE                             RAIZ                               RAIZ                               WORTEL                       NELIÖJUURI                         RADQ                               ROT
+    21       1      1          0          EXP                                EXP                                EXP                                EXP                                EXP                                EXP                          EKSPONENTTI                        EXP                                EXP
+    22       1      1          0          LN                                 LN                                 LN                                 LN                                 LN                                 LN                           LUONNLOG                           LN                                 LN
+    23       1      1          0          LOG10                              LOG10                              LOG10                              LOG10                              LOG10                              LOG10                        LOG10                              LOG10                              LOG10
+    24       1      1          0          ABS                                ABS                                ABS                                ABS                                ABS                                ABS                          ITSEISARVO                         ASS                                ABS
+    25       1      1          0          INT                                GANZZAHL                           ENT                                ENTERO                             INT                                INTEGER                      KOKONAISLUKU                       INT                                HELTAL
+    26       1      1          0          SIGN                               VORZEICHEN                         SIGNE                              SIGNO                              SINAL                              POS.NEG                      ETUMERKKI                          SEGNO                              TECKEN
+    27       2      1          0          ROUND                              RUNDEN                             ARRONDI                            REDONDEAR                          ARRED                              AFRONDEN                     PYÖRISTÄ                           ARROTONDA                          AVRUNDA
+    28      -1      0          0          LOOKUP                             VERWEIS                            RECHERCHE                          BUSCAR                             PROC                               ZOEKEN                       HAKU                               CERCA                              LETAUPP
+    29      -1      0          1          INDEX                              INDEX                              INDEX                              INDICE                             ÍNDICE                             INDEX                        INDEKSI                            INDICE                             INDEX
+    30       2      1          0          REPT                               WIEDERHOLEN                        REPT                               REPETIR                            REPETIR                            HERHALING                    TOISTA                             RIPETI                             REP
+    31       3      1          0          MID                                TEIL                               STXT                               EXTRAE                             EXT.TEXTO                          DEEL                         POIMI.TEKSTI                       STRINGA.ESTRAI                     EXTEXT
+    32       1      1          0          LEN                                LÄNGE                              NBCAR                              LARGO                              NÚM.CARACT                         LENGTE                       PITUUS                             LUNGHEZZA                          LÄNGD
+    33       1      1          0          VALUE                              WERT                               CNUM                               VALOR                              VALOR                              WAARDE                       ARVO                               VALORE                             TEXTNUM
+    34       0      1          0          TRUE                               WAHR                               VRAI                               VERDADERO                          VERDADEIRO                         WAAR                         TOSI                               VERO                               SANT
+    35       0      1          0          FALSE                              FALSCH                             FAUX                               FALSO                              FALSO                              ONWAAR                       EPÄTOSI                            FALSO                              FALSKT
+    36      -1      0          0          AND                                UND                                ET                                 Y                                  E                                  EN                           JA                                 E                                  OCH
+    37      -1      0          0          OR                                 ODER                               OU                                 O                                  OU                                 OF                           TAI                                O                                  ELLER
+    38       1      1          0          NOT                                NICHT                              NON                                NO                                 NÃO                                NIET                         EI                                 NON                                ICKE
+    39       2      1          0          MOD                                REST                               MOD                                RESIDUO                            MOD                                REST                         JAKOJ                              RESTO                              REST
+    40       3      0          0          DCOUNT                             DBANZAHL                           BDNB                               BDCONTAR                           BDCONTAR                           DBAANTAL                     TLASKE                             DB.CONTA.NUMERI                    DANTAL
+    41       3      0          0          DSUM                               DBSUMME                            BDSOMME                            BDSUMA                             BDSOMA                             DBSOM                        TSUMMA                             DB.SOMMA                           DSUMMA
+    42       3      0          0          DAVERAGE                           DBMITTELWERT                       BDMOYENNE                          BDPROMEDIO                         BDMÉDIA                            DBGEMIDDELDE                 TKESKIARVO                         DB.MEDIA                           DMEDEL
+    43       3      0          0          DMIN                               DBMIN                              BDMIN                              BDMIN                              BDMÍN                              DBMIN                        TMIN                               DB.MIN                             DMIN
+    44       3      0          0          DMAX                               DBMAX                              BDMAX                              BDMAX                              BDMÁX                              DBMAX                        TMAKS                              DB.MAX                             DMAX
+    45       3      0          0          DSTDEV                             DBSTDABW                           BDECARTYPE                         BDDESVEST                          BDEST                              DBSTDEV                      TKESKIHAJONTA                      DB.DEV.ST                          DSTDAV
+    46      -1      0          0          VAR                                VARIANZ                            VAR                                VAR                                VAR                                VAR                          VAR                                VAR                                VARIANS
+    47       3      0          0          DVAR                               DBVARIANZ                          BDVAR                              BDVAR                              BDVAREST                           DBVAR                        TVARIANSSI                         DB.VAR                             DVARIANS
+    48       2      1          0          TEXT                               TEXT                               TEXTE                              TEXTO                              TEXTO                              TEKST                        TEKSTI                             TESTO                              TEXT
+    49      -1      0          0          LINEST                             RGP                                DROITEREG                          ESTIMACION.LINEAL                  PROJ.LIN                           LIJNSCH                      LINREGR                            REGR.LIN                           REGR
+    50      -1      0          0          TREND                              TREND                              TENDANCE                           TENDENCIA                          TENDÊNCIA                          TREND                        SUUNTAUS                           TENDENZA                           TREND
+    51      -1      0          0          LOGEST                             RKP                                LOGREG                             ESTIMACION.LOGARITMICA             PROJ.LOG                           LOGSCH                       LOGREGR                            REGR.LOG                           EXPREGR
+    52      -1      0          0          GROWTH                             VARIATION                          CROISSANCE                         CRECIMIENTO                        CRESCIMENTO                        GROEI                        KASVU                              CRESCITA                           EXPTREND
+    56      -1      1          0          PV                                 BW                                 VA                                 VA                                 VP                                 HW                           NA                                 VA                                 NUVÄRDE
+    57      -1      1          0          FV                                 ZW                                 VC                                 VF                                 VF                                 TW                           TULEVA.ARVO                        VAL.FUT                            SLUTVÄRDE
+    58      -1      1          0          NPER                               ZZR                                NPM                                NPER                               NPER                               NPER                         NJAKSO                             NUM.RATE                           PERIODER
+    59      -1      1          0          PMT                                RMZ                                VPM                                PAGO                               PGTO                               BET                          MAKSU                              RATA                               BETALNING
+    60      -1      1          0          RATE                               ZINS                               TAUX                               TASA                               TAXA                               RENTE                        KORKO                              TASSO                              RÄNTA
+    61       3      0          0          MIRR                               QIKV                               TRIM                               TIRM                               MTIR                               GIR                          MSISÄINEN                          TIR.VAR                            MODIR
+    62      -1      0          0          IRR                                IKV                                TRI                                TIR                                TIR                                IR                           SISÄINEN.KORKO                     TIR.COST                           IR
+    63       0      1          1          RAND                               ZUFALLSZAHL                        ALEA                               ALEATORIO                          ALEATÓRIO                          ASELECT                      SATUNNAISLUKU                      CASUALE                            SLUMP
+    64      -1      0          0          MATCH                              VERGLEICH                          EQUIV                              COINCIDIR                          CORRESP                            VERGELIJKEN                  VASTINE                            CONFRONTA                          PASSA
+    65       3      1          0          DATE                               DATUM                              DATE                               FECHA                              DATA                               DATUM                        PÄIVÄYS                            DATA                               DATUM
+    66       3      1          0          TIME                               ZEIT                               TEMPS                              NSHORA                             TEMPO                              TIJD                         AIKA                               ORARIO                             KLOCKSLAG
+    67       1      1          0          DAY                                TAG                                JOUR                               DIA                                DIA                                DAG                          PÄIVÄ                              GIORNO                             DAG
+    68       1      1          0          MONTH                              MONAT                              MOIS                               MES                                MÊS                                MAAND                        KUUKAUSI                           MESE                               MÅNAD
+    69       1      1          0          YEAR                               JAHR                               ANNEE                              AÑO                                ANO                                JAAR                         VUOSI                              ANNO                               ÅR
+    70      -1      1          0          WEEKDAY                            WOCHENTAG                          JOURSEM                            DIASEM                             DIA.DA.SEMANA                      WEEKDAG                      VIIKONPÄIVÄ                        GIORNO.SETTIMANA                   VECKODAG
+    71       1      1          0          HOUR                               STUNDE                             HEURE                              HORA                               HORA                               UUR                          TUNNIT                             ORA                                TIMME
+    72       1      1          0          MINUTE                             MINUTE                             MINUTE                             MINUTO                             MINUTO                             MINUUT                       MINUUTIT                           MINUTO                             MINUT
+    73       1      1          0          SECOND                             SEKUNDE                            SECONDE                            SEGUNDO                            SEGUNDO                            SECONDE                      SEKUNNIT                           SECONDO                            SEKUND
+    74       0      1          1          NOW                                JETZT                              MAINTENANT                         AHORA                              AGORA                              NU                           NYT                                ADESSO                             NU
+    75       1      0          1          AREAS                              BEREICHE                           ZONES                              AREAS                              ÁREAS                              BEREIKEN                     ALUEET                             AREE                               OMRÅDEN
+    76       1      0          1          ROWS                               ZEILEN                             LIGNES                             FILAS                              LINS                               RIJEN                        RIVIT                              RIGHE                              RADER
+    77       1      0          1          COLUMNS                            SPALTEN                            COLONNES                           COLUMNAS                           COLS                               KOLOMMEN                     SARAKKEET                          COLONNE                            KOLUMNER
+    78      -1      0          1          OFFSET                             BEREICH.VERSCHIEBEN                DECALER                            DESREF                             DESLOC                             VERSCHUIVING                 SIIRTYMÄ                           SCARTO                             FÖRSKJUTNING
+    82      -1      1          0          SEARCH                             SUCHEN                             CHERCHE                            HALLAR                             LOCALIZAR                          VIND.SPEC                    KÄY.LÄPI                           RICERCA                            SÖK
+    83       1      1          0          TRANSPOSE                          MTRANS                             TRANSPOSE                          TRANSPONER                         TRANSPOR                           TRANSPONEREN                 TRANSPONOI                         MATR.TRASPOSTA                     TRANSPONERA
+    86       1      1          0          TYPE                               TYP                                TYPE                               TIPO                               TIPO                               TYPE                         TYYPPI                             TIPO                               VÄRDETYP
+    97       2      1          0          ATAN2                              ARCTAN2                            ATAN2                              ATAN2                              ATAN2                              BOOGTAN2                     ATAN2                              ARCTAN.2                           ARCTAN2
+    98       1      1          0          ASIN                               ARCSIN                             ASIN                               ASENO                              ASEN                               BOOGSIN                      ASIN                               ARCSEN                             ARCSIN
+    99       1      1          0          ACOS                               ARCCOS                             ACOS                               ACOS                               ACOS                               BOOGCOS                      ACOS                               ARCCOS                             ARCCOS
+    100     -1      1          0          CHOOSE                             WAHL                               CHOISIR                            ELEGIR                             ESCOLHER                           KIEZEN                       VALITSE.INDEKSI                    SCEGLI                             VÄLJ
+    101     -1      0          0          HLOOKUP                            WVERWEIS                           RECHERCHEH                         BUSCARH                            PROCH                              HORIZ.ZOEKEN                 VHAKU                              CERCA.ORIZZ                        LETAKOLUMN
+    102     -1      0          0          VLOOKUP                            SVERWEIS                           RECHERCHEV                         BUSCARV                            PROCV                              VERT.ZOEKEN                  PHAKU                              CERCA.VERT                         LETARAD
+    105      1      0          0          ISREF                              ISTBEZUG                           ESTREF                             ESREF                              ÉREF                               ISVERWIJZING                 ONVIITT                            VAL.RIF                            ÄRREF
+    109     -1      1          0          LOG                                LOG                                LOG                                LOG                                LOG                                LOG                          LOG                                LOG                                LOG
+    111      1      1          0          CHAR                               ZEICHEN                            CAR                                CARACTER                           CARACT                             TEKEN                        MERKKI                             CODICE.CARATT                      TECKENKOD
+    112      1      1          0          LOWER                              KLEIN                              MINUSCULE                          MINUSC                             MINÚSCULA                          KLEINE.LETTERS               PIENET                             MINUSC                             GEMENER
+    113      1      1          0          UPPER                              GROSS                              MAJUSCULE                          MAYUSC                             MAIÚSCULA                          HOOFDLETTERS                 ISOT                               MAIUSC                             VERSALER
+    114      1      1          0          PROPER                             GROSS2                             NOMPROPRE                          NOMPROPIO                          PRI.MAIÚSCULA                      BEGINLETTERS                 ERISNIMI                           MAIUSC.INIZ                        INITIAL
+    115     -1      1          0          LEFT                               LINKS                              GAUCHE                             IZQUIERDA                          ESQUERDA                           LINKS                        VASEN                              SINISTRA                           VÄNSTER
+    116     -1      1          0          RIGHT                              RECHTS                             DROITE                             DERECHA                            DIREITA                            RECHTS                       OIKEA                              DESTRA                             HÖGER
+    117      2      1          0          EXACT                              IDENTISCH                          EXACT                              IGUAL                              EXATO                              GELIJK                       VERTAA                             IDENTICO                           EXAKT
+    118      1      1          0          TRIM                               GLÄTTEN                            SUPPRESPACE                        ESPACIOS                           ARRUMAR                            SPATIES.WISSEN               POISTA.VÄLIT                       ANNULLA.SPAZI                      RENSA
+    119      4      1          0          REPLACE                            ERSETZEN                           REMPLACER                          REEMPLAZAR                         MUDAR                              VERVANGEN                    KORVAA                             RIMPIAZZA                          ERSÄTT
+    120     -1      1          0          SUBSTITUTE                         WECHSELN                           SUBSTITUE                          SUSTITUIR                          SUBSTITUIR                         SUBSTITUEREN                 VAIHDA                             SOSTITUISCI                        BYT.UT
+    121      1      1          0          CODE                               CODE                               CODE                               CODIGO                             CÓDIGO                             CODE                         KOODI                              CODICE                             KOD
+    124     -1      1          0          FIND                               FINDEN                             TROUVE                             ENCONTRAR                          PROCURAR                           VIND.ALLES                   ETSI                               TROVA                              HITTA
+    125     -1      0          1          CELL                               ZELLE                              CELLULE                            CELDA                              CÉL                                CEL                          SOLU                               CELLA                              CELL
+    126      1      1          0          ISERR                              ISTFEHL                            ESTERR                             ESERR                              ÉERRO                              ISFOUT2                      ONVIRH                             VAL.ERR                            ÄRF
+    127      1      1          0          ISTEXT                             ISTTEXT                            ESTTEXTE                           ESTEXTO                            ÉTEXTO                             ISTEKST                      ONTEKSTI                           VAL.TESTO                          ÄRTEXT
+    128      1      1          0          ISNUMBER                           ISTZAHL                            ESTNUM                             ESNUMERO                           ÉNÚM                               ISGETAL                      ONLUKU                             VAL.NUMERO                         ÄRTAL
+    129      1      1          0          ISBLANK                            ISTLEER                            ESTVIDE                            ESBLANCO                           ÉCÉL.VAZIA                         ISLEEG                       ONTYHJÄ                            VAL.VUOTO                          ÄRTOM
+    130      1      0          0          T                                  T                                  T                                  T                                  T                                  T                            T                                  T                                  T
+    131      1      0          0          N                                  N                                  N                                  N                                  N                                  N                            N                                  NUM                                N
+    140      1      1          0          DATEVALUE                          DATWERT                            DATEVAL                            FECHANUMERO                        DATA.VALOR                         DATUMWAARDE                  PÄIVÄYSARVO                        DATA.VALORE                        DATUMVÄRDE
+    141      1      1          0          TIMEVALUE                          ZEITWERT                           TEMPSVAL                           HORANUMERO                         VALOR.TEMPO                        TIJDWAARDE                   AIKA_ARVO                          ORARIO.VALORE                      TIDVÄRDE
+    142      3      1          0          SLN                                LIA                                AMORLIN                            SLN                                DPD                                LIN.AFSCHR                   STP                                AMMORT.COST                        LINAVSKR
+    143      4      1          0          SYD                                DIA                                SYD                                SYD                                SDA                                SYD                          VUOSIPOISTO                        AMMORT.ANNUO                       ÅRSAVSKR
+    144     -1      1          0          DDB                                GDA                                DDB                                DDB                                BDD                                DDB                          DDB                                AMMORT                             DEGAVSKR
+    148     -1      1          1          INDIRECT                           INDIREKT                           INDIRECT                           INDIRECTO                          INDIRETO                           INDIRECT                     EPÄSUORA                           INDIRETTO                          INDIREKT
+    150     -1      1          0          CALL                               AUFRUFEN                           FONCTION.APPELANTE                 LLAMAR                             CHAMAR                             ROEPEN                       KUTSU                              RICHIAMA                           ANROPA
+    162      1      1          0          CLEAN                              SÄUBERN                            EPURAGE                            LIMPIAR                            TIRAR                              WISSEN.CONTROL               SIIVOA                             LIBERA                             STÄDA
+    163      1      2          0          MDETERM                            MDET                               DETERMAT                           MDETERM                            MATRIZ.DETERM                      DETERMINANTMAT               MDETERM                            MATR.DETERM                        MDETERM
+    164      1      2          0          MINVERSE                           MINV                               INVERSEMAT                         MINVERSA                           MATRIZ.INVERSO                     INVERSEMAT                   MKÄÄNTEINEN                        MATR.INVERSA                       MINVERT
+    165      2      2          0          MMULT                              MMULT                              PRODUITMAT                         MMULT                              MATRIZ.MULT                        PRODUKTMAT                   MKERRO                             MATR.PRODOTTO                      MMULT
+    167     -1      1          0          IPMT                               ZINSZ                              INTPER                             PAGOINT                            IPGTO                              IBET                         IPMT                               INTERESSI                          RBETALNING
+    168     -1      1          0          PPMT                               KAPZ                               PRINCPER                           PAGOPRIN                           PPGTO                              PBET                         PPMT                               P.RATA                             AMORT
+    169     -1      0          0          COUNTA                             ANZAHL2                            NBVAL                              CONTARA                            CONT.VALORES                       AANTALARG                    LASKE.A                            CONTA.VALORI                       ANTALV
+    183     -1      0          0          PRODUCT                            PRODUKT                            PRODUIT                            PRODUCTO                           MULT                               PRODUKT                      TULO                               PRODOTTO                           PRODUKT
+    184      1      1          0          FACT                               FAKULTÄT                           FACT                               FACT                               FATORIAL                           FACULTEIT                    KERTOMA                            FATTORIALE                         FAKULTET
+    189      3      0          0          DPRODUCT                           DBPRODUKT                          BDPRODUIT                          BDPRODUCTO                         BDMULTIPL                          DBPRODUKT                    TTULO                              DB.PRODOTTO                        DPRODUKT
+    190      1      1          0          ISNONTEXT                          ISTKTEXT                           ESTNONTEXTE                        ESNOTEXTO                          É.NÃO.TEXTO                        ISGEENTEKST                  ONEI_TEKSTI                        VAL.NON.TESTO                      ÄREJTEXT
+    193     -1      0          0          STDEVP                             STABWN                             ECARTYPEP                          DESVESTP                           DESVPADP                           STDEVP                       KESKIHAJONTAP                      DEV.ST.POP                         STDAVP
+    194     -1      0          0          VARP                               VARIANZEN                          VAR.P                              VARP                               VARP                               VARP                         VARP                               VAR.POP                            VARIANSP
+    195      3      0          0          DSTDEVP                            DBSTDABWN                          BDECARTYPEP                        BDDESVESTP                         BDDESVPA                           DBSTDEVP                     TKESKIHAJONTAP                     DB.DEV.ST.POP                      DSTDAVP
+    196      3      0          0          DVARP                              DBVARIANZEN                        BDVARP                             BDVARP                             BDVARP                             DBVARP                       TVARIANSSIP                        DB.VAR.POP                         DVARIANSP
+    197     -1      1          0          TRUNC                              KÜRZEN                             TRONQUE                            TRUNCAR                            TRUNCAR                            GEHEEL                       KATKAISE                           TRONCA                             AVKORTA
+    198      1      1          0          ISLOGICAL                          ISTLOG                             ESTLOGIQUE                         ESLOGICO                           ÉLÓGICO                            ISLOGISCH                    ONTOTUUS                           VAL.LOGICO                         ÄRLOGISK
+    199      3      0          0          DCOUNTA                            DBANZAHL2                          BDNBVAL                            BDCONTARA                          BDCONTARA                          DBAANTALC                    TLASKEA                            DB.CONTA.VALORI                    DANTALV
+    212      2      1          0          ROUNDUP                            AUFRUNDEN                          ARRONDI.SUP                        REDONDEAR.MAS                      ARREDONDAR.PARA.CIMA               AFRONDEN.NAAR.BOVEN          PYÖRISTÄ.DES.YLÖS                  ARROTONDA.PER.ECC                  AVRUNDA.UPPÅT
+    213      2      1          0          ROUNDDOWN                          ABRUNDEN                           ARRONDI.INF                        REDONDEAR.MENOS                    ARREDONDAR.PARA.BAIXO              AFRONDEN.NAAR.BENEDEN        PYÖRISTÄ.DES.ALAS                  ARROTONDA.PER.DIF                  AVRUNDA.NEDÅT
+    216     -1      0          0          RANK                               RANG                               RANG                               JERARQUIA                          ORDEM                              RANG                         ARVON.MUKAAN                       RANGO                              RANG
+    219     -1      1          0          ADDRESS                            ADRESSE                            ADRESSE                            DIRECCION                          ENDEREÇO                           ADRES                        OSOITE                             INDIRIZZO                          ADRESS
+    220     -1      1          0          DAYS360                            TAGE360                            JOURS360                           DIAS360                            DIAS360                            DAGEN360                     PÄIVÄT360                          GIORNO360                          DAGAR360
+    221      0      1          1          TODAY                              HEUTE                              AUJOURDHUI                         HOY                                HOJE                               VANDAAG                      TÄMÄ.PÄIVÄ                         OGGI                               IDAG
+    222     -1      1          0          VDB                                VDB                                VDB                                DVS                                BDV                                VDB                          VDB                                AMMORT.VAR                         VDEGRAVSKR
+    227     -1      0          0          MEDIAN                             MEDIAN                             MEDIANE                            MEDIANA                            MED                                MEDIAAN                      MEDIAANI                           MEDIANA                            MEDIAN
+    228     -1      2          0          SUMPRODUCT                         SUMMENPRODUKT                      SOMMEPROD                          SUMAPRODUCTO                       SOMARPRODUTO                       SOMPRODUKT                   TULOJEN.SUMMA                      MATR.SOMMA.PRODOTTO                PRODUKTSUMMA
+    229      1      1          0          SINH                               SINHYP                             SINH                               SENOH                              SENH                               SINH                         SINH                               SENH                               SINH
+    230      1      1          0          COSH                               COSHYP                             COSH                               COSH                               COSH                               COSH                         COSH                               COSH                               COSH
+    231      1      1          0          TANH                               TANHYP                             TANH                               TANH                               TANH                               TANH                         TANH                               TANH                               TANH
+    232      1      1          0          ASINH                              ARCSINHYP                          ASINH                              ASENOH                             ASENH                              BOOGSINH                     ASINH                              ARCSENH                            ARCSINH
+    233      1      1          0          ACOSH                              ARCCOSHYP                          ACOSH                              ACOSH                              ACOSH                              BOOGCOSH                     ACOSH                              ARCCOSH                            ARCCOSH
+    234      1      1          0          ATANH                              ARCTANHYP                          ATANH                              ATANH                              ATANH                              BOOGTANH                     ATANH                              ARCTANH                            ARCTANH
+    235      3      0          0          DGET                               DBAUSZUG                           BDLIRE                             BDEXTRAER                          BDEXTRAIR                          DBLEZEN                      TNOUDA                             DB.VALORI                          DHÄMTA
+    244      1      1          1          INFO                               INFO                               INFO                               INFO                               INFORMAÇÃO                         INFO                         KUVAUS                             AMBIENTE.INFO                      INFO
+    247     -1      1          0          DB                                 GDA2                               DB                                 DB                                 BD                                 DB                           DB                                 AMMORT.FISSO                       DB
+    252      2      0          0          FREQUENCY                          HÄUFIGKEIT                         FREQUENCE                          FRECUENCIA                         FREQÜÊNCIA                         INTERVAL                     TAAJUUS                            FREQUENZA                          FREKVENS
+    261      1      1          0          ERROR.TYPE                         FEHLER.TYP                         TYPE.ERREUR                        TIPO.DE.ERROR                      TIPO.ERRO                          TYPE.FOUT                    VIRHEEN.LAJI                       ERRORE.TIPO                        FEL.TYP
+    267     -1      1          0          REGISTER.ID                        REGISTER.KENNUMMER                 REGISTRE.NUMERO                    ID.REGISTRO                        IDENT.REGISTRO                     REGISTRATIE.ID               REKISTERI.TUNNUS                   IDENTIFICATORE.REGISTRO            REGISTRERA.ID
+    269     -1      0          0          AVEDEV                             MITTELABW                          ECART.MOYEN                        DESVPROM                           DESV.MÉDIO                         GEM.DEVIATIE                 KESKIPOIKKEAMA                     MEDIA.DEV                          MEDELAVV
+    270     -1      1          0          BETADIST                           BETAVERT                           LOI.BETA                           DISTR.BETA                         DISTBETA                           BETA.VERD                    BEETAJAKAUMA                       DISTRIB.BETA                       BETAFÖRD
+    271      1      1          0          GAMMALN                            GAMMALN                            LNGAMMA                            GAMMA.LN                           LNGAMA                             GAMMA.LN                     GAMMALN                            LN.GAMMA                           GAMMALN
+    272     -1      1          0          BETAINV                            BETAINV                            BETA.INVERSE                       DISTR.BETA.INV                     BETA.ACUM.INV                      BETA.INV                     BEETAJAKAUMA.KÄÄNT                 INV.BETA                           BETAINV
+    273      4      1          0          BINOMDIST                          BINOMVERT                          LOI.BINOMIALE                      DISTR.BINOM                        DISTRBINOM                         BINOMIALE.VERD               BINOMIJAKAUMA                      DISTRIB.BINOM                      BINOMFÖRD
+    274      2      1          0          CHIDIST                            CHIVERT                            LOI.KHIDEUX                        DISTR.CHI                          DIST.QUI                           CHI.KWADRAAT                 CHIJAKAUMA                         DISTRIB.CHI                        CHI2FÖRD
+    275      2      1          0          CHIINV                             CHIINV                             KHIDEUX.INVERSE                    PRUEBA.CHI.INV                     INV.QUI                            CHI.KWADRAAT.INV             CHIJAKAUMA.KÄÄNT                   INV.CHI                            CHI2INV
+    276      2      1          0          COMBIN                             KOMBINATIONEN                      COMBIN                             COMBINAT                           COMBIN                             COMBINATIES                  KOMBINAATIO                        COMBINAZIONE                       KOMBIN
+    277      3      1          0          CONFIDENCE                         KONFIDENZ                          INTERVALLE.CONFIANCE               INTERVALO.CONFIANZA                INT.CONFIANÇA                      BETROUWBAARHEID              LUOTTAMUSVÄLI                      CONFIDENZA                         KONFIDENS
+    278      3      1          0          CRITBINOM                          KRITBINOM                          CRITERE.LOI.BINOMIALE              BINOM.CRIT                         CRIT.BINOM                         CRIT.BINOM                   BINOMIJAKAUMA.KRIT                 CRIT.BINOM                         KRITBINOM
+    279      1      1          0          EVEN                               GERADE                             PAIR                               REDONDEA.PAR                       PAR                                EVEN                         PARILLINEN                         PARI                               JÄMN
+    280      3      1          0          EXPONDIST                          EXPONVERT                          LOI.EXPONENTIELLE                  DISTR.EXP                          DISTEXPON                          EXPON.VERD                   EKSPONENTIAALIJAKAUMA              DISTRIB.EXP                        EXPONFÖRD
+    281      3      1          0          FDIST                              FVERT                              LOI.F                              DISTR.F                            DISTF                              F.VERDELING                  FJAKAUMA                           DISTRIB.F                          FFÖRD
+    282      3      1          0          FINV                               FINV                               INVERSE.LOI.F                      DISTR.F.INV                        INVF                               F.INVERSE                    FJAKAUMA.KÄÄNT                     INV.F                              FINV
+    283      1      1          0          FISHER                             FISHER                             FISHER                             FISHER                             FISHER                             FISHER                       FISHER                             FISHER                             FISHER
+    284      1      1          0          FISHERINV                          FISHERINV                          FISHER.INVERSE                     PRUEBA.FISHER.INV                  FISHERINV                          FISHER.INV                   FISHER.KÄÄNT                       INV.FISHER                         FISHERINV
+    285      2      1          0          FLOOR                              UNTERGRENZE                        PLANCHER                           MULTIPLO.INFERIOR                  ARREDMULTB                         AFRONDEN.BENEDEN             PYÖRISTÄ.KERR.ALAS                 ARROTONDA.DIFETTO                  RUNDA.NER
+    286      4      1          0          GAMMADIST                          GAMMAVERT                          LOI.GAMMA                          DISTR.GAMMA                        DISTGAMA                           GAMMA.VERD                   GAMMAJAKAUMA                       DISTRIB.GAMMA                      GAMMAFÖRD
+    287      3      1          0          GAMMAINV                           GAMMAINV                           LOI.GAMMA.INVERSE                  DISTR.GAMMA.INV                    INVGAMA                            GAMMA.INV                    GAMMAJAKAUMA.KÄÄNT                 INV.GAMMA                          GAMMAINV
+    288      2      1          0          CEILING                            OBERGRENZE                         PLAFOND                            MULTIPLO.SUPERIOR                  TETO                               AFRONDEN.BOVEN               PYÖRISTÄ.KERR.YLÖS                 ARROTONDA.ECCESSO                  RUNDA.UPP
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+    346      2      0          0          COUNTIF                            ZÄHLENWENN                         NB.SI                              CONTAR.SI                          CONT.SE                            AANTAL.ALS                   LASKE.JOS                          CONTA.SE                           ANTAL.OM
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+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/function_locale.pl>
+
+=head2 Example: writeA1.pl
+
+
+
+This is an example of how to extend the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+
+Code is appended to the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Worksheet module by reusing
+the package name. The new code provides a write() method that allows you to
+use Excels A1 style cell references.  This is not particularly useful but it
+serves as an example of how the module can be extended without modifying the
+code directly.
+
+
+
+    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # This is an example of how to extend the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module.
+    #
+    # Code is appended to the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Worksheet module by reusing
+    # the package name. The new code provides a write() method that allows you to
+    # use Excels A1 style cell references.  This is not particularly useful but it
+    # serves as an example of how the module can be extended without modifying the
+    # code directly.
+    #
+    # reverse('©'), March 2001, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
+    #
+    
+    use strict;
+    use Spreadsheet::WriteExcel;
+    
+    # Create a new workbook called simple.xls and add a worksheet
+    my $workbook  = Spreadsheet::WriteExcel->new("writeA1.xls");
+    my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
+    
+    # Write numbers or text
+    $worksheet->write  (0, 0, "Hello");
+    $worksheet->writeA1("A3", "A3"   );
+    $worksheet->writeA1("A5", 1.2345 );
+    
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # The following will be appended to the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Worksheet
+    # package.
+    #
+    
+    package Spreadsheet::WriteExcel::Worksheet;
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # writeA1($cell, $token, $format)
+    #
+    # Convert $cell from Excel A1 notation to $row, $col notation and
+    # call write() on $token.
+    #
+    # Returns: return value of called subroutine or -4 for invalid cell
+    # reference.
+    #
+    sub writeA1 {
+        my $self = shift;
+        my $cell = shift;
+        my $col;
+        my $row;
+    
+        if ($cell =~ /([A-z]+)(\d+)/) {
+           ($row, $col) = _convertA1($2, $1);
+           $self->write($row, $col, @_);
+        } else {
+            return -4;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    ###############################################################################
+    #
+    # _convertA1($row, $col)
+    #
+    # Convert Excel A1 notation to $row, $col notation. Convert base26 column
+    # string to a number.
+    #
+    sub _convertA1 {
+        my $row    = $_[0];
+        my $col    = $_[1]; # String in AA notation
+    
+        my @chars  = split //, $col;
+        my $expn   = 0;
+        $col       = 0;
+    
+        while (@chars) {
+            my $char = uc(pop(@chars)); # LS char first
+            $col += (ord($char) -ord('A') +1) * (26**$expn);
+            $expn++;
+        }
+    
+        # Convert 1 index to 0 index
+        $row--;
+        $col--;
+    
+        return($row, $col);
+    }
+
+
+Download this example: L<http://cpansearch.perl.org/src/JMCNAMARA/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel-2.37/examples/writeA1.pl>
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+John McNamara jmcnamara@cpan.org
+
+Contributed examples contain the original author's name.
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright MM-MMX, John McNamara.
+
+All Rights Reserved. This module is free software. It may be used, redistributed and/or modified under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut